Journal Description
Antibiotics
Antibiotics
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on all aspects of antibiotics, published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, Embase, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Pharmacology & Pharmacy) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
4.8 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
4.9 (2022)
Latest Articles
Mouldable Collagen–Tricalciumphosphate Is a Safe Carrier for Local Antibiotics—Short-Term Results in Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060510 (registering DOI) - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Improving local antibiotic delivery is a promising approach to improve infection control and potentially shorten systemic treatment in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study investigates the use of an antibiotic-loaded, mouldable collagen–tricalciumphosphate composite in treatment of hip PJI. Methods: 124 application cases
[...] Read more.
Background: Improving local antibiotic delivery is a promising approach to improve infection control and potentially shorten systemic treatment in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study investigates the use of an antibiotic-loaded, mouldable collagen–tricalciumphosphate composite in treatment of hip PJI. Methods: 124 application cases in 79 patients were included from a referral centre; systemic adverse infects, local complications, and infection control were analysed. Results: In most cases, either vancomycin or meropenem were used. Pathogens were previously known in 82 (66%) cases with polymicrobial infection in 20 (25%) patients. There were no cases of hypercalcaemia. Acute kidney injure was present in 14 (11%) cases. Chronic kidney failure persisted in two cases. During a mean follow-up of 12 (SD 9.3; range 3–35) months, implant survival was achieved in 73 (92%) patients; revision due to PJI was performed in 19 cases. Conclusion: Mouldable collagen–tricalciumphosphate composite bone substitute as a local antibiotic carrier in revision hip arthroplasty appears to be a valid option for local antibiotic delivery without systemic complications. Implant survival of 92% supports the hypothesis that local antibiotic therapy is an important component in the treatment of PJI.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics in Orthopedic Infections, 2nd Volume)
►
Show Figures
Open AccessReview
Antibiofilm Strategies in Neonatal and Pediatric Infections
by
Chrysoula Kosmeri, Vasileios Giapros, Anastasios Serbis, Foteini Balomenou and Maria Baltogianni
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 509; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060509 (registering DOI) - 30 May 2024
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections pose significant challenges in neonatal and pediatric care, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality rates. These complex microbial communities, comprising bacteria and fungi, exhibit resilience against antibiotics and host immune responses. Bacterial species such as Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
[...] Read more.
Biofilm-related infections pose significant challenges in neonatal and pediatric care, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality rates. These complex microbial communities, comprising bacteria and fungi, exhibit resilience against antibiotics and host immune responses. Bacterial species such as Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis commonly form biofilms on medical devices, exacerbating infection risks. Neonates and children, particularly those in intensive care units, are highly susceptible to biofilm-associated infections due to the prolonged use of invasive devices, such as central lines and endotracheal tubes. Enteral feeding tubes, crucial for neonatal nutritional support, also serve as potential sites for biofilm formation, contributing to recurrent microbial contamination. Moreover, Candida species, including Candida pelliculosa, present emerging challenges in neonatal care, with multi-drug resistant strains posing treatment complexities. Current antimicrobial therapies, while important in managing infections, often fall short in eradicating biofilms, necessitating alternative strategies. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding antibiofilm strategies in neonates and in children. Novel approaches focusing on biofilm inhibition and dispersal show promise, including surface modifications, matrix-degrading enzymes, and quorum-sensing inhibitors. Prudent use of medical devices and exploration of innovative antibiofilm therapies are imperative in mitigating neonatal and pediatric biofilm infections.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Antibiofilm Strategies)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Efficacy of Short Novel Antimicrobial Peptides in a Mouse Model of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Skin Infection
by
Mingyu Ouyang, Fangrong Wu and Changmin Hu
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060508 (registering DOI) - 30 May 2024
Abstract
As the clinical application of antibiotics for bacterial skin infections in companion animals becomes increasingly prevalent, the issue of bacterial resistance has become more pronounced. Antimicrobial peptides, as a novel alternative to traditional antibiotics, have garnered widespread attention. In our study, synthetic peptides
[...] Read more.
As the clinical application of antibiotics for bacterial skin infections in companion animals becomes increasingly prevalent, the issue of bacterial resistance has become more pronounced. Antimicrobial peptides, as a novel alternative to traditional antibiotics, have garnered widespread attention. In our study, synthetic peptides ADD-A and CBD3-ABU were tested against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius skin infections in KM mice. ADD-A was applied topically and through intraperitoneal injection, compared with control groups and treatments including CBD3-ABU, ampicillin sodium, and saline. Wound contraction, bacterial counts and histology were assessed on days 3 and 11 post-infection. ADD-A and ampicillin treatments significantly outperformed saline in wound healing (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001, respectively). ADD-A also showed a markedly lower bacterial count than ampicillin (p < 0.0001). Histologically, ADD-A-applied wounds had better epidermal continuity and a thicker epidermis than normal, with restored follicles and sebaceous glands. ADD-A’s effectiveness suggests it as a potential alternative to antibiotics for treating skin infections in animals.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Peptides and Their Derivatives)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Detection of KPC-216, a Novel KPC-3 Variant, in a Clinical Isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 Co-Resistant to Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Cefiderocol
by
Maria Giufrè, Giulia Errico, Maria Del Grosso, Michela Pagnotta, Bernardetta Palazzotti, Milva Ballardini, Annalisa Pantosti, Marcello Meledandri and Monica Monaco
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060507 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-KP) represents a global threat to public health, with limited antimicrobial therapeutic options. In this study, we analyzed a ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ-AVI)-resistant K. pneumoniae isolate obtained from a patient previously exposed to CAZ-AVI expressing a novel K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-3
[...] Read more.
Background: Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-KP) represents a global threat to public health, with limited antimicrobial therapeutic options. In this study, we analyzed a ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ-AVI)-resistant K. pneumoniae isolate obtained from a patient previously exposed to CAZ-AVI expressing a novel K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-3 variant. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using reference broth microdilution. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina and Nanopore Technologies. Short- and long-reads were combined with Unicycler. Assemblies were investigated for multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial resistance genes, porins, and plasmids. Results: The K. pneumoniae isolate (KP_RM_1) was resistant to CAZ-AVI, expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, amikacin, ertapenem, and cefiderocol (FDC) but was susceptible to tigecycline, colistin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, meropenem–vaborbactam, and imipenem–relebactam. WGS revealed that the KP_RM_1 genome is composed of a single chromosome of 5 Mbp and five circular plasmids. Further analysis showed the presence of novel blaKPC-216 located on a 72 kb plasmid. KPC-216 differs from KPC-3 by a Lysin (K) insertion at position 168 (+K168). Conclusions: We report the identification of a new KPC-3 variant associated with CAZ-AVI resistance. The KPC variants associated with CAZ-AVI resistance should be determined to promptly inform clinicians and start the appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Editorial Board Members' Collection Series: Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Epidemiology of ESKAPEE)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Antibiotic Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in View of the Newly Developed β-Lactams: A Narrative Review of the Existing Evidence
by
Francesca Serapide, Maurizio Guastalegname, Sara Palma Gullì, Rosaria Lionello, Andrea Bruni, Eugenio Garofalo, Federico Longhini, Enrico Maria Trecarichi and Alessandro Russo
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060506 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2024
Abstract
It is estimated that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for nearly 5 million human deaths worldwide each year and will reach 10 million by 2050. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections represent the fourth-leading cause of death attributable to antimicrobial resistance globally, but a
[...] Read more.
It is estimated that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for nearly 5 million human deaths worldwide each year and will reach 10 million by 2050. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections represent the fourth-leading cause of death attributable to antimicrobial resistance globally, but a standardized therapy is still lacking. Among the antibiotics under consideration, Sulbactam/durlobactam seems to be the best candidate to replace current back-bone agents. Cefiderocol could play a pivotal role within combination therapy regimens. Due to toxicity and the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) limitations, colistin (or polymyxin B) should be used as an alternative agent (when no other options are available). Tigecycline (or minocycline) and fosfomycin could represent suitable partners for both NBLs. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are needed to better evaluate the role of NBLs in CRAB infection treatment and to compare the efficacy of tigecycline and fosfomycin as partner antibiotics. Synergism should be tested between NBLs and “old” drugs (rifampicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). Huge efforts should be made to accelerate pre-clinical and clinical studies on safer polymyxin candidates with improved lung activity, as well as on the iv rifabutin formulation. In this narrative review, we focused the antibiotic treatment of CRAB infections in view of newly developed β-lactam agents (NBLs).
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter and Associated Treatment Strategies)
Open AccessReview
Evaluation of Surveillance Strategies of Antimicrobial Consumption in Animals
by
Carly Ching, Muhammad H. Zaman and Veronika J. Wirtz
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 505; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060505 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2024
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore and assess various strategies for monitoring antimicrobial consumption (AMC) in animals, within the context of the One Health approach. Recent studies have shed light on the limited surveillance and data collection for AMC in animals.
[...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to explore and assess various strategies for monitoring antimicrobial consumption (AMC) in animals, within the context of the One Health approach. Recent studies have shed light on the limited surveillance and data collection for AMC in animals. Using the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention Policy Analytical Framework, we assess global, national, and farm-level surveillance strategies on public health impact and feasibility using evidence from primary, secondary, and grey literature. From this, we identify key policy mechanisms that support the adoption of surveillance while providing specific recommendations. We find that a global strategy, though valuable for benchmarking and policy guidance, faces participation and data visibility challenges. National-level surveillance offers direct inputs into national action plans but struggles with data uniformity and comparability. Farm-level surveillance, while resource-intensive, provides the most granular data for informing specific interventions. We advocate for a multi-faceted approach to AMC surveillance, emphasizing that legal mandates and financial incentives are crucial for encouraging surveillance participation, along with international cooperation for enhancing participation and data quality. Drawing parallels with public reporting challenges in other sectors can provide valuable lessons on how to address data collection, analysis, and reporting barriers.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics Use in Farms, 2nd Volume)
Open AccessArticle
One Health Landscape of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from Virginia between 2007–2021
by
Jimin Kim and Eunice Ndegwa
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060504 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2024
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria has become a critical global One Health issue, mainly attributed to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in human and agricultural settings. Regional and local AMR surveillance data is essential for implementing awareness and mitigation strategies. This
[...] Read more.
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria has become a critical global One Health issue, mainly attributed to the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in human and agricultural settings. Regional and local AMR surveillance data is essential for implementing awareness and mitigation strategies. This article assesses AMR frequency in 1604 bacterial isolates consisting of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. isolated from diverse sources in Virginia, including farm animals, wildlife, environment, and food samples from 2007 to 2021. The results are based on the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion assessment method of susceptibility to select antimicrobial agents, spanning nine distinct categories approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. Streptomycin (STR) and tetracycline (TCY) exhibited the highest frequency of resistance in E. coli (39.1%) and Salmonella (25.2%), respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was evident in 6.6% of E. coli and 10.9% of Salmonella isolates. Notably, 51% of E. coli and 36% of Salmonella isolates demonstrated resistance to more than one antimicrobial. None of the tested antimicrobials guaranteed effectiveness against the bacteria isolated from the surveyed sources and regions. The study found heightened MDR and distinct AMR patterns in bacteria isolated from food products compared to other sampled sources. These findings are vital for comprehending the current AMR landscape, prompting the development of strategies to mitigate the emergence of AMR bacteria, and advocating prudent antimicrobial use from a One Health perspective.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
Antibiotic–Drug Interactions in the Intensive Care Unit: A Literature Review
by
Paweł Radkowski, Maria Derkaczew, Michał Mazuchowski, Annas Moussa, Katarzyna Podhorodecka, Justyna Dawidowska-Fidrych, Małgorzata Braczkowska-Skibińska, Daria Synia, Karol Śliwa, Marta Wiszpolska and Marta Majewska
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060503 (registering DOI) - 29 May 2024
Abstract
Interactions between drugs are a common problem in Intensive Care Unit patients, as they mainly have a critical condition that often demands the administration of multiple drugs simultaneously. Antibiotics are among the most frequently used medications, as infectious diseases are often observed in
[...] Read more.
Interactions between drugs are a common problem in Intensive Care Unit patients, as they mainly have a critical condition that often demands the administration of multiple drugs simultaneously. Antibiotics are among the most frequently used medications, as infectious diseases are often observed in ICU patients. In this review, the most important antibiotic–drug interactions, based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms, were gathered together and described. In particular, some of the most important interactions with main groups of antibacterial drugs were observed in patients simultaneously prescribed oral anticoagulants, NSAIDs, loop diuretics, and valproic acid. As a result, the activity of drugs can be increased or decreased, as dosage modification might be necessary. It should be noted that these crucial interactions can help predict and avoid negative consequences, leading to better patient recovery. Moreover, since there are other factors, such as fluid therapy or albumins, which may also modify the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy, it is important for anaesthesiologists to be aware of them.
Full article
Open AccessPerspective
Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance: Innovations, Global Challenges, and Healthcare’s Future
by
Francesco Branda and Fabio Scarpa
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060502 - 29 May 2024
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to global public health due to complex interactions between bacterial genetic factors and external influences such as antibiotic misuse. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative strategies to address this crisis. For example, AI can analyze genomic data to
[...] Read more.
Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to global public health due to complex interactions between bacterial genetic factors and external influences such as antibiotic misuse. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative strategies to address this crisis. For example, AI can analyze genomic data to detect resistance markers early on, enabling early interventions. In addition, AI-powered decision support systems can optimize antibiotic use by recommending the most effective treatments based on patient data and local resistance patterns. AI can accelerate drug discovery by predicting the efficacy of new compounds and identifying potential antibacterial agents. Although progress has been made, challenges persist, including data quality, model interpretability, and real-world implementation. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates AI with other emerging technologies, such as synthetic biology and nanomedicine, could pave the way for effective prevention and mitigation of antimicrobial resistance, preserving the efficacy of antibiotics for future generations.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Antimicrobial Resistance: Innovation, Global Challenges and the Future of Healthcare)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessReview
RND Efflux Pump Induction: A Crucial Network Unveiling Adaptive Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Gram-Negative Bacteria
by
Marine Novelli and Jean-Michel Bolla
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060501 - 28 May 2024
Abstract
The rise of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria presents a grave challenge to global public health, with antimicrobial resistance ranking as the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance is crucial for developing effective treatments. Efflux pumps, particularly those
[...] Read more.
The rise of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria presents a grave challenge to global public health, with antimicrobial resistance ranking as the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance is crucial for developing effective treatments. Efflux pumps, particularly those of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily, play a significant role in expelling molecules from bacterial cells, contributing to the emergence of multi-drug resistance. These are transmembrane transporters naturally produced by Gram-negative bacteria. This review provides comprehensive insights into the modulation of RND efflux pump expression in bacterial pathogens by numerous and common molecules (bile, biocides, pharmaceuticals, additives, plant extracts, etc.). The interplay between these molecules and efflux pump regulators underscores the complexity of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The clinical implications of efflux pump induction by non-antibiotic compounds highlight the challenges posed to public health and the urgent need for further investigation. By addressing antibiotic resistance from multiple angles, we can mitigate its impact and preserve the efficacy of antimicrobial therapies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rise of Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanisms Involved and Solutions to Tackle It)
Open AccessArticle
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Canine and Feline Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens Isolated from Animals with Clinical Signs in European Veterinary Practices during the Period 2013–2018
by
Robin Temmerman, Helena Berlamont, Farid El Garch, Markus Rose, Shabbir Simjee, Sylvie Meschi and Anno de Jong
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060500 - 28 May 2024
Abstract
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently in companion animals and are often treated with antibiotics. However, antimicrobial resistance can severely hamper treatment success. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is key. UTI isolates were obtained from dogs and cats in two collection periods (ComPath
[...] Read more.
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur frequently in companion animals and are often treated with antibiotics. However, antimicrobial resistance can severely hamper treatment success. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is key. UTI isolates were obtained from dogs and cats in two collection periods (ComPath II: 2013–2014 and ComPath III: 2017–2018) as part of CEESA’s ComPath programme. Susceptibility testing of the UTI isolates (2021 in total) was carried out at one central laboratory using agar and broth dilution methodology as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium in UTI in both dogs (46.9%, 43.1%) and cats (61.2%, 48.3%) across ComPath II and ComPath III, respectively. The percentage of resistance in E. coli was low (<10%) across both programmes in both dogs and cats except for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (dogs ComPath III: 12.9%; cats ComPath II: 13.0%) and enrofloxacin (10.5%), marbofloxacin (11.4%), and doxycycline (98.8%) for dogs in ComPath III. Three (7.5%) of the 40 isolated S. aureus bacteria in total were MRSA and harboured mecA. The level of multidrug resistance (MDR) was generally low and ranged from 0.0% for feline coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. to 11.7% for canine Proteus spp., except for a peak of MDR observed in canine Klebsiella isolates from ComPath II (36.7%). Overall, antimicrobial resistance for most canine and feline UTI pathogens isolated during the ComPath II and ComPath III programmes was low (1–10%) to moderate (10–20%).
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Impact and Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, 2nd Volume)
Open AccessArticle
Combination of Chromatographic Analysis and Chemometric Methods with Bioactivity Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Helichrysum italicum Essential Oil
by
Tijana Zeremski, Olja Šovljanski, Vladimir Vukić, Biljana Lončar, Milica Rat, Nataša Perković Vukčević, Milica Aćimović and Lato Pezo
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060499 - 28 May 2024
Abstract
Helichrysum italicum (immortelle) essential oil is one of the most popular essential oils worldwide and it has many beneficial properties, including antimicrobial. However, in this plant, the chemical diversity of the essential oil is very pronounced. The aim of this work was to
[...] Read more.
Helichrysum italicum (immortelle) essential oil is one of the most popular essential oils worldwide and it has many beneficial properties, including antimicrobial. However, in this plant, the chemical diversity of the essential oil is very pronounced. The aim of this work was to process the GC-MS results of four samples of H. italicum essential oil of Serbian origin by chemometric tools, and evaluate the antimicrobial activity in vitro and in silico. Overall, 47 compounds were identified, the most abundant were γ-curcumene, α-pinene, and ar-curcumene, followed by α-ylangene, neryl acetate, trans-caryophyllene, italicene, α-selinene, limonene, and italidiones. Although the four samples of H. italicum essential oil used in this study were obtained from different producers in Serbia, they belong to the type of essential oil rich in sesquiterpenes (γ-curcumene and ar-curcumene chemotype). In vitro antimicrobial potential showed that five were sensitive among ten strains of tested microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans. Therefore, these microorganism models were used further for in silico molecular docking through the mechanism of ATP-ase inhibitory activity. Results showed that among all compounds from H. italicum essential oil, neryl acetate has the highest predicted binding energy. Artificial neural network modeling (ANN) showed that two major compounds γ-curcumene and α-pinene, as well as minor compounds such as trans-β-ocimene, terpinolene, terpinene-4-ol, isoitalicene, italicene, cis-α-bergamotene, trans-α-bergamotene, italidiones, trans-β-farnesene, γ-selinene, β-selinene, α-selinene, and guaiol are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of H. italicum essential oil. The results of this study indicate that H. italicum essential oil samples rich in γ-curcumene, α-pinene, and ar-curcumene cultivated in Serbia (Balkan) have antimicrobial potential both in vitro and in silico. In addition, according to ANN modeling, the proportion of neryl acetate and other compounds detected in these samples has the potential to exhibit antimicrobial activity.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Antimicrobial Properties and Bioactive Compounds of Edible and Medicinal Plants)
Open AccessArticle
The Impact of National Activities on Antibiotic Consumption in Hospitals and Different Departments over a 14-Year Period
by
Milan Čižman, Tamara Kastrin, Bojana Beović, Aleksander Mahnič, Tom Bajec and Slovenian Surveillance Antibiotic Consumption Group
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060498 - 28 May 2024
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the use of antibiotics in hospitals and different departments over 14 years (2006–2019) and the impact of various national activities related to this, including national audits of the use of antibiotics for systemic use. The
[...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to assess the use of antibiotics in hospitals and different departments over 14 years (2006–2019) and the impact of various national activities related to this, including national audits of the use of antibiotics for systemic use. The consumption of antibiotics for systemic use (J01) from all Slovenian hospitals (n = 29) and five departments (internal medicine, surgery, ICU (medicine, surgery), paediatrics and gynaecology/obstetrics) was collected. Total hospital consumption was expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), the number of DDDs/100 bed days and the number of DDDs/100 admissions. Over 14 years, J01 hospital consumption increased by 13.8%, expressed in DDDs/100 bed days (p = 0.002). In 2019, compared to 2006, the consumption of J01, expressed in DDD/100 bed days, increased from 19.9% to 33.1% in all departments, except intensive care units. J01 consumption expressed in DDD/100 admissions increased by 7.0% to 39.4% in all but paediatric wards (where it decreased by 12.7%). In all years, we observed large variations in the consumption of antibiotics in departments of the same type. The effectiveness of audit interventions aimed at optimizing antibiotic consumption exhibited notable variation across hospitals, with specialized facilities generally demonstrating superior outcomes compared to general hospitals.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Irrational Antibiotic Use in Primary Care)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Is It Still Beneficial to Monitor the Trough Concentration of Vancomycin? A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Nephrotoxicity and Efficacy
by
Wanqiu Yang, Kaiting Zhang, Yuancheng Chen, Yaxin Fan and Jing Zhang
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 497; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060497 - 28 May 2024
Abstract
This study conducted a quantitative meta-analysis to investigate the association of vancomycin indicators, particularly area under the curve over 24 h (AUC24) and trough concentrations (Ctrough), and their relationship with both nephrotoxicity and efficacy. Literature research was performed in
[...] Read more.
This study conducted a quantitative meta-analysis to investigate the association of vancomycin indicators, particularly area under the curve over 24 h (AUC24) and trough concentrations (Ctrough), and their relationship with both nephrotoxicity and efficacy. Literature research was performed in PubMed and Web of Science on vancomycin nephrotoxicity and efficacy in adult inpatients. Vancomycin Ctrough, AUC24, AUC24/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), nephrotoxicity evaluation and treatment outcomes were extracted. Logistic regression and Emax models were conducted, stratified by evaluation criterion for nephrotoxicity and primary outcomes for efficacy. Among 100 publications on nephrotoxicity, 29 focused on AUC24 and 97 on Ctrough, while of 74 publications on efficacy, 27 reported AUC24/MIC and 68 reported Ctrough. The logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between nephrotoxicity and vancomycin Ctrough (odds ratio = 2.193; 95% CI 1.582–3.442, p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve had an area of 0.90, with a cut-off point of 14.55 mg/L. Additionally, 92.3% of the groups with a mean AUC24 within 400–600 mg·h/L showed a mean Ctrough of 10–20 mg/L. However, a subtle, non-statistically significant association was observed between the AUC24 and nephrotoxicity, as well as between AUC24/MIC and Ctrough concerning treatment outcomes. Our findings suggest that monitoring vancomycin Ctrough remains a beneficial and valuable approach to proactively identifying patients at risk of nephrotoxicity, particularly when Ctrough exceeds 15 mg/L. Ctrough can serve as a surrogate for AUC24 to some extent. However, no definitive cut-off values were identified for AUC24 concerning nephrotoxicity or for Ctrough and AUC24/MIC regarding efficacy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Drugs)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Genetic Characterization and Population Structure of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated from Brazilian Patients Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
by
Leonardo Souza Esteves, Lia Lima Gomes, Daniela Brites, Fátima Cristina Onofre Fandinho, Marcela Bhering, Márcia Aparecida da Silva Pereira, Emilyn Costa Conceição, Richard Salvato, Bianca Porphirio da Costa, Reginalda Ferreira de Melo Medeiros, Paulo Cesar de Souza Caldas, Paulo Redner, Margareth Pretti Dalcolmo, Vegard Eldholm, Sebastien Gagneux, Maria Lucia Rossetti, Afrânio Lineu Kritski and Philip Noel Suffys
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060496 - 28 May 2024
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) from presumed drug-resistant tuberculosis patients from several states of Brazil. The isolates had been submitted to conventional drug susceptibility testing for first- and second-line drugs. Multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) (54.8%)
[...] Read more.
The present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) from presumed drug-resistant tuberculosis patients from several states of Brazil. The isolates had been submitted to conventional drug susceptibility testing for first- and second-line drugs. Multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) (54.8%) was the most frequent phenotypic resistance profile, in addition to an important high frequency of pre-extensive resistance (p-XDR-TB) (9.2%). Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we characterized 298 Mtb isolates from Brazil. Besides the analysis of genotype distribution and possible correlations between molecular and clinical data, we determined the performance of an in-house WGS pipeline with other online pipelines for Mtb lineages and drug resistance profile definitions. Sub-lineage 4.3 (52%) was the most frequent genotype, and the genomic approach revealed a p-XDR-TB level of 22.5%. We detected twenty novel mutations in three resistance genes, and six of these were observed in eight phenotypically resistant isolates. A cluster analysis of 170 isolates showed that 43.5% of the TB patients belonged to 24 genomic clusters, suggesting considerable ongoing transmission of DR-TB, including two interstate transmissions. The in-house WGS pipeline showed the best overall performance in drug resistance prediction, presenting the best accuracy values for five of the nine drugs tested. Significant associations were observed between suffering from fatal disease and genotypic p-XDR-TB (p = 0.03) and either phenotypic (p = 0.006) or genotypic (p = 0.0007) ethambutol resistance. The use of WGS analysis improved our understanding of the population structure of MTBC in Brazil and the genetic and clinical data correlations and demonstrated its utility for surveillance efforts regarding the spread of DR-TB, hopefully helping to avoid the emergence of even more resistant strains and to reduce TB incidence and mortality rates.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Bacteria)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Accuracy of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and British Thoracic Society Criteria for Acute Pneumonia in Differentiating Chemical and Bacterial Complications of Aspiration in Comatose Ventilated Patients Following Drug Poisoning
by
Quentin Delforge, Alexandre Gaudet, Pauline Boddaert, Frédéric Wallet, Benoit Voisin and Saad Nseir
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060495 - 27 May 2024
Abstract
Drug poisoning frequently leads to admission to intensive care units, often resulting in aspiration, a potentially life-threatening condition if not properly managed. Aspiration can manifest as either bacterial aspiration pneumonia (BAP) or aspiration pneumonitis (AP), which are challenging to distinguish potentially leading to
[...] Read more.
Drug poisoning frequently leads to admission to intensive care units, often resulting in aspiration, a potentially life-threatening condition if not properly managed. Aspiration can manifest as either bacterial aspiration pneumonia (BAP) or aspiration pneumonitis (AP), which are challenging to distinguish potentially leading to overprescription of antibiotics and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and British Thoracic Society (BTS) criteria in differentiating BAP from AP in comatose ventilated patients following drug poisoning. This cross-sectional study included 95 patients admitted for drug poisoning at the Lille University Hospital intensive care department, between 2013 and 2017, requiring mechanical ventilation and receiving antibiotics for aspiration. Patients were categorized as having bacterial complications if tracheal sampling yielded positive culture results, and if they were otherwise considered to have chemical complications. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of IDSA and BTS criteria in identifying patients with bacterial complications were evaluated. Among the patients, 34 (36%) experienced BAP. The IDSA criteria demonstrated a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 33%, while the BTS criteria showed a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 38%. Both the IDSA and BTS criteria exhibited poor sensitivity and specificity in identifying microbiologically confirmed pneumonia in comatose ventilated patients following drug poisoning.
Full article
Open AccessEditorial
Molecular Detection, Characterization, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Epidemiology of Pathogenic Bacteria
by
Andrey Shelenkov
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060494 - 27 May 2024
Abstract
In recent decades, growing attention has been directed worldwide toward antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial pathogens causing infections in clinical, environmental, and food chain production settings [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Detection, Characterization, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Epidemiology of Pathogenic Bacteria)
Open AccessArticle
Opinions of Medical Staff Regarding Antibiotic Resistance
by
Aneta Krolak-Ulińska, Piotr Merks, Urszula Religioni, Beata Chełstowska, Agnieszka Drab, Krystian Wdowiak, Katarzyna Plagens-Rotman, Zbigniew Doniec and Anna Staniszewska
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060493 - 27 May 2024
Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health, that can lead to reduced effectiveness of many therapies, increased morbidity, longer hospitalization times, increased deaths, and additional costs for health care systems. Unreasonable use of antibiotics may result from a lack of
[...] Read more.
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health, that can lead to reduced effectiveness of many therapies, increased morbidity, longer hospitalization times, increased deaths, and additional costs for health care systems. Unreasonable use of antibiotics may result from a lack of adequate knowledge about antibiotic therapy and a lack of knowledge of the risks associated with antibiotic resistance, both among medical personnel and patients. Aim. The primary objective of the study was to verify the opinion of medical personnel on the risks associated with antibiotic resistance. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in 2023 among 605 Polish sanitary workers. An anonymous survey designed specifically for the purpose of the study was used. The survey was made available on the Internet through the Trade Unions of Pharmacy Workers and directly to hospitals with the support of local authorities. Results: The majority of respondents were women (77.36%). The largest group consisted of individuals over 40 years of age (55.04%). More than half of the respondents were nurses (56.20%), and every fourth of the respondents was a physician (23.64%). Most respondents consider antibiotic resistance to be a very serious (24.13%) or extremely serious (30.75%) problem. The problem of antibiotic resistance on a global scale was mentioned, especially in the opinions of physicians and nurses (p < 0.01), people working in the profession for over a year (p < 0.01), and people with a specialization or undergoing specialist training (p = 0.00). Similarly, these groups most often indicated that antibiotic resistance poses a problem in their workplace. The main problems of antibiotic resistance were the use of antibiotics in farm animals (36.69%), the pressure on patients to take antibiotics (38.84%), and the prophylactic use of antibiotics (43.15%). Conclusions: Medical personnel consider antibiotic resistance a somewhat serious problem, although not all agree in this regard. The risk of antibiotic resistance is much more seriously assessed by physicians and nurses, as well as by people with specializations or undergoing specialization training. Knowledge about antibiotic resistance should be further spread among all groups of medical personnel.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Halicin: A New Horizon in Antibacterial Therapy against Veterinary Pathogens
by
Shuge Wang, Ke Zhao, Ziqi Chen, Dejun Liu, Shusheng Tang, Chengtao Sun, Hongliang Chen, Yang Wang and Congming Wu
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060492 - 27 May 2024
Abstract
It is crucial to discover novel antimicrobial drugs to combat resistance. This study investigated the antibacterial properties of halicin (SU3327), an AI-identified anti-diabetic drug, against 13 kinds of common clinical pathogens of animal origin, including multidrug-resistant strains. Employing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and
[...] Read more.
It is crucial to discover novel antimicrobial drugs to combat resistance. This study investigated the antibacterial properties of halicin (SU3327), an AI-identified anti-diabetic drug, against 13 kinds of common clinical pathogens of animal origin, including multidrug-resistant strains. Employing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assessments, halicin demonstrated a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Time-killing assays revealed its concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (E. coli ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus ATCC 29213), and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae S6 (APP S6) after 4 h of treatment at concentrations above the MIC. Halicin exhibited longer post-antibiotic effects (PAEs) and sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs) for E. coli 25922, S. aureus 29213, and APP S6 compared to ceftiofur and ciprofloxacin, the commonly used veterinary antimicrobial agents, indicating sustained antibacterial action. Additionally, the results of consecutive passaging experiments over 40 d at sub-inhibitory concentrations showed that bacteria exhibited difficulty in developing resistance to halicin. Toxicology studies confirmed that halicin exhibited low acute toxicity, being non-mutagenic, non-reproductive-toxic, and non-genotoxic. Blood biochemical results suggested that halicin has no significant impact on hematological parameters, liver function, and kidney function. Furthermore, halicin effectively treated respiratory A. pleuropneumoniae infections in murine models. These results underscore the potential of halicin as a new antibacterial agent with applications against clinically relevant pathogens in veterinary medicine.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in Veterinary Pathogens)
►▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Emergence of High-Level Gentamicin Resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae Hypervirulent Serotype IV ST1010 (CC452) Strains by Acquisition of a Novel Integrative and Conjugative Element
by
Roberta Creti, Monica Imperi, Uzma Basit Khan, Alberto Berardi, Simona Recchia, Giovanna Alfarone and Giovanni Gherardi
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060491 - 26 May 2024
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci, GBS) is responsible for severe infections in both neonates and adults. Currently, empiric antimicrobial therapy for sepsis and meningitis is the combined use of penicillin and gentamicin due to the enhanced bactericidal activity. However, high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR)
[...] Read more.
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci, GBS) is responsible for severe infections in both neonates and adults. Currently, empiric antimicrobial therapy for sepsis and meningitis is the combined use of penicillin and gentamicin due to the enhanced bactericidal activity. However, high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) abrogates the synergism. The rate of HLGR was investigated within a dataset of 433 GBS strains collected from cases of invasive disease in both adults and neonates as well as from pregnant carriers. GBS isolates (n = 20, 4.6%) presented with HLGR (gentamicin MIC breakpoint >1024 mg/L) that was differently diffused between strains from adults or neonates (5.2% vs. 2.8%). Notably, 70% of HLGR GBS strains (14 isolates) were serotype IV. Serotype IV HLGR-GBS isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, exhibited the alpha-C/HvgA/PI-2b virulence string, and belonged to sequence type 1010 (clonal complex (CC) 452). The mobile element that harbored the HLGR aac(6′)-aph(2)″ gene is a novel integrative and conjugative element (ICE) about 45 kb long, derived from GBS 515 ICE tRNALys. The clonal expansion of this HLGR hypervirulent serotype IV GBS CC452 sublineage may pose a threat to the management of infections caused by this strain type.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sepsis Management and Antibiotic Therapy)
Journal Menu
► ▼ Journal Menu-
- Antibiotics Home
- Aims & Scope
- Editorial Board
- Reviewer Board
- Topical Advisory Panel
- Instructions for Authors
- Special Issues
- Topics
- Sections & Collections
- Article Processing Charge
- Indexing & Archiving
- Editor’s Choice Articles
- Most Cited & Viewed
- Journal Statistics
- Journal History
- Journal Awards
- Conferences
- Editorial Office
Journal Browser
► ▼ Journal BrowserHighly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Topics
Topic in
Antibiotics, Antioxidants, JoF, Microbiology Research, Microorganisms
Redox in Microorganisms, 2nd Edition
Topic Editors: Michal Letek, Volker BehrendsDeadline: 31 July 2024
Topic in
Antibiotics, JPM, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutics
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modelling in Drug Discovery and Development
Topic Editors: Inaki F. Troconiz, Victor Mangas Sanjuán, Maria Garcia-Cremades MiraDeadline: 31 August 2024
Topic in
Molecules, Pharmaceutics, Antibiotics, Microorganisms, Biomolecules, Marine Drugs, Polymers, IJMS
Antimicrobial Agents and Nanomaterials
Topic Editors: Sandra Pinto, Vasco D. B. BonifácioDeadline: 30 September 2024
Topic in
Antibiotics, Biomedicines, JCM, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceutics
Challenges and Future Prospects of Antibacterial Therapy
Topic Editors: Kwang-sun Kim, Zehra EdisDeadline: 31 October 2024
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
Antibiotics
Effect of Antimicrobials on Fungal Biofilms
Guest Editors: José António Baptista Machado Soares, Sadri ZnaidiDeadline: 31 May 2024
Special Issue in
Antibiotics
Challenges for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antimicrobials
Guest Editors: Fabrizio Taglietti, Giuseppe Pipitone, Giuseppe NunnariDeadline: 15 June 2024
Special Issue in
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial Drug Discovery: New Theories and New Therapies
Guest Editor: Ki-Young KimDeadline: 30 June 2024
Special Issue in
Antibiotics
Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents, 2nd Volume
Guest Editors: Carlos M. Franco, Beatriz Vázquez BeldaDeadline: 15 July 2024
Topical Collections
Topical Collection in
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial Resistance and Anti-Biofilms
Collection Editors: Ding-Qiang Chen, Yulong Tan, Ren-You Gan, Guanggang Qu, Zhenbo Xu, Junyan Liu