Journal Description
Agriculture
Agriculture
is an international, scientific peer-reviewed open access journal published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubAg, AGRIS, RePEc, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Agronomy) / CiteScore - Q2 (Plant Science)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.7 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.4 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion journals for Agriculture include: Poultry, Grasses and Crops.
Impact Factor:
3.6 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.6 (2022)
Latest Articles
Efficient and Low-Loss Cleaning Method for Non-Uniform Distribution of Threshed Materials Based on Multi-Wing Curved Combination Air Screen in Computational Fluid Dynamics/Discrete Element Method Simulations
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060895 (registering DOI) - 5 Jun 2024
Abstract
During the operation of the longitudinal axis flow threshing device of a combine harvester, the threshed materials form accumulations and blockages on both sides of the screen surface, severely affecting the harvesting process. To evenly distribute the materials on the screen and solve
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During the operation of the longitudinal axis flow threshing device of a combine harvester, the threshed materials form accumulations and blockages on both sides of the screen surface, severely affecting the harvesting process. To evenly distribute the materials on the screen and solve the blockage issue, a multi-wing curved combination centrifugal fan is designed to match the mass distribution of the threshed materials. The movement mechanism of rice threshed materials in the cleaning shoe of a longitudinal axis flow combine harvester is investigated using the coupled CFD-DEM simulation method. The cleaning efficiency and performance of the traditional straight-blade fan screen device and the newly designed cleaning device are compared and analyzed, and field tests are conducted. The results show that the trajectory of the threshed materials cleaned by the device equipped with the multi-wing curved combination centrifugal fan is consistent with the mass distribution of the materials separated by the longitudinal axis flow threshing device. The absolute value of the centroid velocity of the material group in the X/Y direction is greater than that of the traditional fan, indicating that the movement speed of the particle group in the optimized fan is greater than that of the traditional fan. Therefore, in the actual cleaning process, the optimized fan’s air flow distribution more effectively accelerates the movement speed of the threshed materials, increasing the amount of materials cleaned per unit time, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency. Field comparative tests show that the designed cleaning device reduced the cleaning loss rate by up to 25.00% and the impurity content rate by 32.20%, achieving efficient and low-damage cleaning of the combine harvester. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method for evenly distributing the materials and provides important reference for the study of other piled particle distribution systems.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress on Agricultural Equipments for Precision Planting and Harvesting)
Open AccessArticle
Study on Flat Die Wear Characteristics in Flat Die Pelletizing with Different Material Ratios Based on DEM-FEM
by
Aimin Gao, Qianyu Dong and Wei Sun
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060894 (registering DOI) - 5 Jun 2024
Abstract
Wear can occur in flat die pelletizers, often reducing service life. This study explores the issue of die hole wear in the pelletizing process of a standard Total Mixed Ration (TMR) feed. The selected TMR formulation comprises varying proportions of corn, alfalfa hay,
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Wear can occur in flat die pelletizers, often reducing service life. This study explores the issue of die hole wear in the pelletizing process of a standard Total Mixed Ration (TMR) feed. The selected TMR formulation comprises varying proportions of corn, alfalfa hay, and quinoa. A coupled DEM-FEM analysis was used to examine stress–strain conditions in various die hole regions at different material ratios, predict the fatigue life of flat die materials in the pelletizing process, and validate the accuracy of investigating flat die wear through friction wear tests. It was found that the entrance of the die hole experiences the most severe conditions in terms of equivalent stress and elastic strain. The fatigue life is shortest at the entrance, with a maximum equivalent stress of 42.8 MPa, a maximum equivalent elastic strain of 2.5 × 10−3, and a minimum fatigue life stress cycle of 5.0 × 105. In contrast, the equivalent stress and equivalent elastic strain at the middle and upper parts of the die hole are minimal, with an equivalent stress of 4.8 MPa and a minimum equivalent elastic strain of 2.8 × 10−4. Material wear tests revealed that the most severe wear on the flat die specimen occurred when the ratio of corn, alfalfa hay, and quinoa straw was 7:2:1, consistent with the findings from the DEM-FEM coupling method. The pelleting process, arising from the contact between the material and metal, encompasses adhesive wear, abrasive wear, and fatigue wear.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Technology)
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Open AccessArticle
Effects of Maize/Peanut Intercropping on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization under Different Nitrogen Application Rates
by
Yongyong Zhang, Fengyan Zhao, Zhanxiang Sun, Wei Bai, Zhe Zhang, Chen Feng and Qian Cai
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060893 - 5 Jun 2024
Abstract
The effects of maize/peanut intercropping on crop yields, peanut nodulation, biological nitrogen (N) fixation in peanuts, crop N uptake, and N use efficiency under different N application rates were studied. A long-term maize/peanut intercropping micro-plot experiment was started in 2015. The experiment included
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The effects of maize/peanut intercropping on crop yields, peanut nodulation, biological nitrogen (N) fixation in peanuts, crop N uptake, and N use efficiency under different N application rates were studied. A long-term maize/peanut intercropping micro-plot experiment was started in 2015. The experiment included the following three planting patterns: maize sole crop (SM), peanut sole crop (SP), and maize and peanut intercropping (intercropping maize: IM; intercropping peanut: IP). Additionally, three N application rates were tested as follows: 0 kg·ha−1 (N0), 150 kg·ha−1 (N150), and 300 kg·ha−1 (N300). The results indicated that N fertilization significantly increased maize yield. Intercropping increased maize yield while decreasing peanut yield across different N application rates. Both N fertilization and intercropping significantly increased the maize harvest index (HI), whereas intercropping decreased the peanut HI under N300. The number and fresh weight of peanut nodules decreased with the increasing N application rate with reductions ranging from 31.15% to 45.23% and 39.60% to 46.67%, respectively. Intercropping increased the number of peanut nodules by an average of 62.56% under the N0 treatment. Intercropping significantly improved the N absorption capacity of the whole intercropping system, and the contribution of maize was higher than that of peanuts. Maize demonstrated a stronger competitive ability for N uptake compared with peanuts in the intercropping system. Intercropping significantly increased the N use efficiency for both maize and peanuts. However, the N use efficiency of maize increased with N application rates, while that of peanut decreased. Compared with sole crops, intercropping increased the partial factor productivity of maize by 55.2% but decreased that of peanuts by 56.3%. In conclusion, at an N application rate of 150 kg·ha−1, maize/peanut intercropping increased overall crop yield and improved the N absorption and use capacity of maize
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(This article belongs to the Section Crop Production)
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Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Mena, G.T.; Gospodarek, J. White Mustard, Sweet Alyssum, and Coriander as Insectary Plants in Agricultural Systems: Impacts on Ecosystem Services and Yield of Crops. Agriculture 2024, 14, 550
by
Gedyon Tamiru Mena and Janina Gospodarek
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 892; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060892 - 5 Jun 2024
Abstract
There was an error in the original publication [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-chemical Plant Protection – Plants as a Source of Protective Factors)
Open AccessCommunication
Compost-Derived Bacterial Communities Offer Promise as Biocontrol Agents against Meloidogyne javanica and Promote Plant Growth in Tomato
by
Eirini Karanastasi, Vasileios Kotsantonis and Iakovos S. Pantelides
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060891 - 5 Jun 2024
Abstract
Meloidogyne nematodes, commonly known as root-knot nematodes, pose a considerable threat to crop yields, resulting in significant economic losses due to their intricate biology and limited control methods. In line with the European Union’s focus on promoting organic farming and soil health to
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Meloidogyne nematodes, commonly known as root-knot nematodes, pose a considerable threat to crop yields, resulting in significant economic losses due to their intricate biology and limited control methods. In line with the European Union’s focus on promoting organic farming and soil health to encourage sustainable agricultural practices, this study explores the efficacy of two characterized bacterial communities obtained from compost against M. javanica in tomato plants. Through pot experiments, it was demonstrated that both bacterial communities, namely SC1 and SC2, effectively suppressed nematode reproduction and root invasion, which was reflected by a reduction in the number of egg masses per root (by 63% and 28%, respectively) and a reduction in the total progeny population (by 68% and 28%, respectively), with various simultaneously enhanced growth parameters in tomatoes, i.e., aerial part fresh weight increased by 74% and 58%, aerial part dry weight increased by 90% and 55%, and plant height increased by 86% and 53%, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of compost bacterial communities as promising tools for organic or integrated pest management, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices and contributing to improved crop yields.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocontrol of Plant Pests and Pathogens)
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Open AccessArticle
“What’s Good for the Bees Will Be Good for Us!”—A Qualitative Study of the Factors Influencing Beekeeping Activity
by
Aliz Feketéné Ferenczi, István Szűcs and Andrea Bauerné Gáthy
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060890 - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
Beekeepers play a crucial role in the survival of honey bee populations, so it is essential to understand the drivers behind their activities. This qualitative study aims to explore the factors influencing beekeepers’ decision-making and to assess the relationship between beekeepers and their
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Beekeepers play a crucial role in the survival of honey bee populations, so it is essential to understand the drivers behind their activities. This qualitative study aims to explore the factors influencing beekeepers’ decision-making and to assess the relationship between beekeepers and their bees, to identify the relationship between them by building a theoretical model, and to assess the perception of pollination services as a potential source of income diversification among Hungarian beekeepers. Based on the grounded theory method, we created a paradigm model of beekeeping management based on semi-structured interviews with beekeepers in Hungary. In the analysis of the interviews, we first used open coding to develop categories according to the concepts used by the beekeepers, and then structured and linked these categories (axial coding). Finally, we identified the most relevant main categories (selective coding) and outlined the conceptual framework for beekeeping management. We mapped the strategies and beekeeping practices beekeepers use and the consequences they generate. The results show that several causal conditions influence beekeeping decisions and strategies. In an environment where beekeepers’ costs are increasing and their incomes are decreasing while implementing adaptation strategies, more targeted measures are needed to protect bees and increase beekeepers’ profitability.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic The Future of Farming in a Changing World: From Physiology to Technology)
Open AccessArticle
Nematicidal trans-Anethole Blends Paralyzing Meloidogyne incognita
by
Dimitra Kirgiafini, Argyris Serafim, Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi, Trifone D’Addabbo, Nikolaos Tsiropoulos and Nikoletta Ntalli
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060889 - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
Nematodes have a negative impact on crop production and yield. The use of synthetic formulations to control plant parasitic nematodes carries both environmental and human health risks. As these agrochemicals are gradually being phased out, recent research has been focused on finding more
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Nematodes have a negative impact on crop production and yield. The use of synthetic formulations to control plant parasitic nematodes carries both environmental and human health risks. As these agrochemicals are gradually being phased out, recent research has been focused on finding more environmentally friendly, plant-based alternatives. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of botanicals, used alone or in artificial blends, in paralyzing Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2s) immersed in test solutions or exposed to vapors. We tested thymol, trans-anethole, and two lavender essential oils, referred to as LEOA and LEOB, which vary in their flower and stem compositions. We also employed in our study Melia azedarach aqueous extract (MWE), already proven to have considerable nematicidal activity. According to our findings, all treatments used individually exhibited considerable efficacy, even LEOA and LEOB first reported herein. In addition, all blends exhibited significant synergism, and the best-performing were trans-anethole/thymol, being synergic to paralyzing J2s for up to two days, and trans-anethole/LEOB as well as trans-anethole/MWE, provoking irreversible paralysis since the first day of J2 immersion in test solutions. Most importantly, the blend of trans-anethole with LEOA displayed the best effective synergism against M. incognita both for immersion and fumigation methods. Lastly, the chemical composition analysis displayed linalyl acetate and β-linalool as the major components of LEOA and β-linalool and eucalyptol as the major components of LEOB.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes)
Open AccessArticle
Making Decisions on the Development of County-Level Agricultural Industries through Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental and Economic Benefits of Agricultural Products: A Case Study of Hancheng City
by
Chen Lu, Huaizhou Wang, Xue Li and Zhiyuan Zhu
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 888; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060888 - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the development of county-level agricultural industries through a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental and economic benefits of agricultural products. Focusing on Hancheng City in Shaanxi Province, this paper calculates and analyzes the carbon emission
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This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the development of county-level agricultural industries through a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental and economic benefits of agricultural products. Focusing on Hancheng City in Shaanxi Province, this paper calculates and analyzes the carbon emission intensity per unit output value and the economic benefits of major agricultural products, assessing their comprehensive advantage indices. The research methods include data collection, data processing, and model construction, utilizing a bi-factor matrix analysis to explore the balance between environmental sustainability and economic profitability of different agricultural products. The results indicate that pepper and vegetables have the highest comprehensive advantages, demonstrating significant economic and environmental benefits, while soybeans show lower comprehensive advantages, requiring improvements in cultivation techniques and management practices. Based on the research findings, this paper proposes policy and management recommendations for different agricultural products, including focusing on the development of high-comprehensive-advantage products, improving cultivation techniques for low-comprehensive-advantage products, promoting green agricultural technologies, establishing a carbon footprint monitoring system for agricultural products, and strengthening agricultural infrastructure construction. The study’s conclusions provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the agricultural development strategies of Hancheng City and similar regions, contributing to the achievement of sustainable agricultural development and carbon reduction goals.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic The New Era of Food and Agriculture: Sustainable Strategies to Achieve Zero Hunger)
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Transformation and Sequestration of Total Organic Carbon in Black Soil under Different Fertilization Regimes with Straw Carbon Inputs
by
Jiuming Zhang, Jiahui Yuan, Yingxue Zhu, Enjun Kuang, Jiaye Han, Yanxiang Shi, Fengqin Chi, Dan Wei and Jie Liu
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 887; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060887 - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
In the context of the carbon peak and carbon-neutral era, it is crucial to effectively utilize maize straw as a resource for achieving carbon (C) sequestration and emission reduction in rural agriculture. Maize straw carbon undergoes two processes after being added to the
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In the context of the carbon peak and carbon-neutral era, it is crucial to effectively utilize maize straw as a resource for achieving carbon (C) sequestration and emission reduction in rural agriculture. Maize straw carbon undergoes two processes after being added to the soil: mineralization (decomposition) and humification (synthesis) by soil animals and microorganisms. These processes contribute to the reintegration of carbon into the agroecosystem’s carbon cycle. However, understanding of the transformation and stabilization of straw carbon, as well as the differences in C fixation capacity in soils with various fertilization treatments in black soils, remains limited. This study aims to quantify the relationship between straw carbon input and organic carbon sequestration in various fertilization treatments of black soil. Based on a long-term positional fertilization trial (45 years) in black soil, 13C-labeled maize straw (1.5 g in 120 g of dry soil) was applied and combined with an in situ incubation method using carborundum tubes. Throughout the 360-day trial, we observed the influence of fertilization on soil total organic C levels, organic carbon δ13C values, maize straw addition rate, and straw C fixation capacity. The decomposition of straw was most prominent during the initial 60 days of the incubation period, followed by a gradual decrease in the rate of decomposition. Compared with day 0, the SOC δ13C value and straw C residue rate were highest in the no-fertilization treatment (CK) after 360 days of incubation. The amount of organic carbon transformed and fixed in the soil was significantly higher in the organic fertilizer treatment (M) compared to other treatments, highlighting the stronger decomposition, transformation, and carbon fixation capacity of straw carbon in the M treatment. Moreover, the highest carbon storage of 43.23 Mg·ha−1 was observed in the M fertilization treatment after 360 days, which was significantly different from other treatments (p < 0.05). The study demonstrates that soil with low fertility exhibits increased sequestration potential for straw carbon. Additionally, organic fertilizer input would increase soil organic carbon storage and facilitate straw carbon conversion.
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(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Soils)
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Effect of Powdery Mildew on the Photosynthetic Parameters and Leaf Microstructure of Melon
by
Mei Tian, Rong Yu, Wanbang Yang, Song Guo, Shengfeng Liu, Huiying Du, Jinjin Liang and Xingxu Zhang
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060886 (registering DOI) - 4 Jun 2024
Abstract
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease devastating to crops, causing significant quality and yield loss. As one of the most important fruits in the world, melon also is damaged by powdery mildew. The present study investigated the effect of powdery mildew on the
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Powdery mildew is a fungal disease devastating to crops, causing significant quality and yield loss. As one of the most important fruits in the world, melon also is damaged by powdery mildew. The present study investigated the effect of powdery mildew on the photosynthetic parameters and leaf microstructure of melons, the ultrastructure of the leaf surface, photosynthetic index, chlorophyll content, yield, and quality index of five thick-skinned and differently shaped melon varieties. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency, and chlorophyll levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Kangbing F3800 plants compared to the other four varieties. In the case of powdery mildew infection, the total number of stomata in the upper and lower epidermis was particularly high in the Zhongtian No. 8 and Zhongtianxueqiong varieties, respectively. The stomatal length and width were highest in the upper epidermis of Zhongtian No. 12 leaves and in the lower epidermis of Zhongtian No. 8 leaves compared to the other varieties. The total yield and meat thickness were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the Zhongtianxueqiong variety than the others, along with the low edge sugar content. Overall, powdery mildew impacted differently the photosynthetic and leaf surface characteristics of the five melon varieties. Kangbing F3800 emerged as the most resistant variety, making it the preferred choice for introducing and promoting thick-skinned melon varieties in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Management Approaches and Practices to Support Sustainable Horticultural and Fruit Plants Production)
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Long-Term Organic Cultivation in Greenhouses Enhances Vegetable Yield and Soil Carbon Accumulation through the Promotion of Soil Aggregation
by
Lihong Tong, Yingjun Liu, Tian Lan, Xiayan Liu, Lechuan Zhang, Adu Ergu, Yajie Wen and Xiang Liu
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060885 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
The long-term use of fertilizers and pesticides in conventional cultivation has resulted in a decrease in soil productivity and vegetable yields in greenhouses. However, there is little research exploring the changes in soil organic carbon and the microbial community mediated by soil aggregates,
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The long-term use of fertilizers and pesticides in conventional cultivation has resulted in a decrease in soil productivity and vegetable yields in greenhouses. However, there is little research exploring the changes in soil organic carbon and the microbial community mediated by soil aggregates, or their impacts on soil productivity. This study investigated the properties of soil aggregates, including the levels of organic carbon fractions, microbial community, and enzyme activity with the three aggregate classes: microaggregates (<0.25 mm), small macroaggregates (2–0.25 mm) and large macroaggregates (>2 mm) under conventional cultivation (CC), integrated cultivation (IC), and organic cultivation (OC) in greenhouses. The results showed that (1) OC and IC promoted the formation of small macroaggregates and enhanced aggregate stability compared to CC; (2) SOC in the three size fractions of OC increased by 92.06–98.99% compared to CC; EOC increased by 98.47–117.59%; POC increased by 138.59–208.70%; MBC increased by 104.71–230.61%; and DOC increased by 21.93–40.90%, respectively; (3) organic cultivation significantly increased enzyme activity in all three particle-size aggregates and increased the relative abundance of bacteria in microaggregates as well as the relative abundance of fungi in small macroaggregates. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis revealed that organic farming practices fostered the development of smaller macroaggregates, elevated microbial and enzyme activities within soil aggregates, and facilitated the conversion of soil nutrients and carbon sequestration. Therefore, long-term organic cultivation increases soil carbon content and vegetable yield in greenhouses by increasing the proportion of small aggregates. In conclusion, long-term organic cultivation in greenhouses improves soil structure, increase soil fertility and vegetable yield, and has a positive impact on the environment. Organic cultivation increases soil fertility and contributes to maintaining ecological balance and protecting the environment in greenhouses.
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(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Soils)
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Open AccessArticle
Unveiling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Driving Mechanism of Rural Industrial Integration Development: A Case of Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle, China
by
Yun Shen, Ghulam Raza Sargani, Rui Wang and Yanxi Jing
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 884; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060884 - 3 Jun 2024
Abstract
China’s urban–rural dichotomy has resulted in a widening gap between urban and rural areas, posing significant challenges to rural development. This study aims to investigate the spatio-temporal differentiation and driving mechanisms of rural industry integration within the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle in China. Using
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China’s urban–rural dichotomy has resulted in a widening gap between urban and rural areas, posing significant challenges to rural development. This study aims to investigate the spatio-temporal differentiation and driving mechanisms of rural industry integration within the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle in China. Using panel data from 2011 to 2020, we employed the entropy weight TOPSIS method to construct a comprehensive index that charts the evolution of rural industry integration across various districts and counties. Additionally, we utilized fixed-effect and spatio-temporally weighted regression models to analyze the underlying driving forces behind this integration. Our findings reveal a dynamic and varied landscape of rural industry integration, with different levels of depth and breadth across various subsystems. Spatially, we observed a transition from a dispersed to a more concentrated agglomeration pattern within the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle. This shift suggests a diffusion effect emanating from core metropolitan areas, as well as an attracting force exerted by adjacent metropolitan circles. In terms of drivers, market demand, openness level, financial development, policy support, and agricultural insurance breadth significantly contribute to rural industry integration. However, technological progress and rural human capital exhibit a weaker correlation. Notably, our models identified pronounced spatial–temporal heterogeneity among these influencing factors, highlighting a nuanced and dynamic relationship between them. Overall, our study emphasizes the crucial role of rural industry integration in bridging the urban–rural divide and fostering sustainable agricultural development and rural revitalization. The insights gained from this research provide valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to optimize rural development strategies and unlock the potential of integrated rural industries.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Novel Studies in Agricultural Economics and Sustainable Farm Management)
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Open AccessArticle
A Multi-Farm Global-to-Local Expert-Informed Machine Learning System for Strawberry Yield Forecasting
by
Matthew Beddows and Georgios Leontidis
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 883; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060883 - 2 Jun 2024
Abstract
The importance of forecasting crop yields in agriculture cannot be overstated. The effects of yield forecasting are observed in all the aspects of the supply chain from staffing to supplier demand, food waste, and other business decisions. However, the process is often inaccurate
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The importance of forecasting crop yields in agriculture cannot be overstated. The effects of yield forecasting are observed in all the aspects of the supply chain from staffing to supplier demand, food waste, and other business decisions. However, the process is often inaccurate and far from perfect. This paper explores the potential of using expert forecasts to enhance the crop yield predictions of our global-to-local XGBoost machine learning system. Additionally, it investigates the ERA5 climate model’s viability as an alternative data source for crop yield forecasting in the absence of on-farm weather data. We find that, by combining both the expert’s pre-season forecasts and the ERA5 climate model with the machine learning model, we can—in most cases—obtain better forecasts that outperform the growers’ pre-season forecasts and the machine learning-only models. Our expert-informed model attains yield forecasts for 4 weeks ahead with an average RMSE of 0.0855 across all the plots and an RMSE of 0.0872 with the ERA5 climate data included.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Digital Agriculture)
Open AccessArticle
Efficacy of Commercial Biocontrol Products for the Management of Verticillium and Fusarium Wilt in Greenhouse Tomatoes: Impact on Disease Severity, Fruit Yield, and Quality
by
Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou, Georgia Demetriou, Sotiria Panagiotou, Loukia Vassiliou, Vlasios Goulas and Iakovos Pantelides
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060882 - 1 Jun 2024
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae (Vd) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) are two major fungal pathogens that infect tomato plants, causing significant challenges in their control since both pathogens can persist in the soil for several years even in the
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Verticillium dahliae (Vd) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) are two major fungal pathogens that infect tomato plants, causing significant challenges in their control since both pathogens can persist in the soil for several years even in the absence of a host plant and no effective fungicides are available at present. This study investigated the efficacy of two biocontrol formulations, Clonotri (containing Trichoderma and Clonostachys microorganisms) and Strepse (comprising Streptomyces and Pseudomonas microorganisms), against Vd and Fol and their impact on tomato fruit quality and yield under greenhouse conditions. The pathogenicity experiment demonstrated that the Clonotri formulation, containing Trichoderma and Clonostachys spores, significantly reduced Fusarium wilt disease by 32% compared to the control group. However, in the Vd pathogenicity experiment, the formulations did not exhibit disease reduction, although treatment with Strepse, containing Streptomyces and Pseudomonas microorganisms, resulted in a preserved total fruit number when compared to uninfected plants. Analysis of fruit quality attributes revealed no significant differences among the various interventions. Furthermore, Fol infection in the first fruit set significantly increased fruit firmness, while Vd infection resulted in elevated levels of total soluble solids in fruits. These findings demonstrate that the evaluated biocontrol formulations provide a degree of protection against fungal wilt pathogens in tomato plants and can increase yield in greenhouse conditions while having minimal impact on overall fruit quality attributes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocontrol of Plant Pests and Pathogens)
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Open AccessArticle
Prevention of Cadmium Contamination by Microbial Inoculant and Its Potential Mechanism
by
Ximei Xu, Xiaofeng Yue, Du Wang, Mengxue Fang, Li Yu, Fei Ma, Nanri Yin, Xuefang Wang, Baocheng Xu, Liangxiao Zhang and Peiwu Li
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060881 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
Cadmium is the main heavy metal contaminant of food in the world. The extent of cadmium pollution in peanut in China remains unclear. To determine the cadmium pollution level in peanut, samples from the main producing regions in China were assessed. The findings
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Cadmium is the main heavy metal contaminant of food in the world. The extent of cadmium pollution in peanut in China remains unclear. To determine the cadmium pollution level in peanut, samples from the main producing regions in China were assessed. The findings revealed that the cadmium pollution level in Chinese peanuts was relatively low. Moreover, the Aflatoxin Rhizobia Couple B. amyloliquefaciens, B. laterosporu, B. mucilaginosus, E. ludwiggi (ARC-BBBE) microbial inoculants on cadmium contamination in peanut were evaluated. The fertilization methods were categorized into conventional fertilization and conventional fertilization supplemented with 60 kg/hectare of microbial inoculant ARC-BBBE as the base fertilizer. The cadmium contents in the soil and peanut plant parts were detected and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the microbial inoculant ARC-BBBE significantly reduced the total cadmium content in peanut, as well as the available cadmium and exchangeable cadmium in soil. Furthermore, the pH and urease and alkaline phosphatase activities in soil were significantly enhanced, suggesting that the microbial inoculant ARC-BBBE decreased cadmium content in soil and reduced the cadmium uptake by plants through a combination of the action of the bacteria itself and the secretion of extracellular substances. This ultimately achieves the goal of reducing the cadmium content in peanut seeds.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Product Quality and Safety)
Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Park et al. Identification of a Novel KTi-1 Allele Associated with Reduced Trypsin Inhibitor Activity in Soybean Accessions. Agriculture 2023, 13, 2070
by
Aron Park, Se-Hee Kang, Byeong-Hee Kang, Sreeparna Chowdhury, Seo-Young Shin, Won-Ho Lee, Jeong-Dong Lee, Sungwoo Lee, Yu-Mi Choi and Bo-Keun Ha
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060880 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
Error in Table [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genotype Evaluation and Breeding)
Open AccessReview
Exploring the Potential of Russula griseocarnosa: A Molecular Ecology Perspective
by
Yuanchao Liu, Tianqiao Yong, Manjun Cai, Xiaoxian Wu, Huiyang Guo, Yizhen Xie, Huiping Hu and Qingping Wu
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060879 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
Russula griseocarnosa, an edible and medicinal mushroom abundant in nutrients and notable bioactivities, is predominantly grown in the broad-leaved forest with trees of the family Fagaceae in southern China. This species forms ectomycorrhizal associations with plant roots and cannot be artificially cultivated
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Russula griseocarnosa, an edible and medicinal mushroom abundant in nutrients and notable bioactivities, is predominantly grown in the broad-leaved forest with trees of the family Fagaceae in southern China. This species forms ectomycorrhizal associations with plant roots and cannot be artificially cultivated currently. Previous research indicates a strong correlation between the growth of R. griseocarnosa and factors such as the host plant, climate variables (specifically mean temperature and precipitation from June to October), and the rhizosphere microbiota of its habitat. However, comprehensive studies on the fundamental biology of this species are lacking. The interaction between R. griseocarnosa and its host plant, as well as the mechanisms underlying the microbial community dynamics within its habitat, remain ambiguous. The limited repertoire and diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in R. griseocarnosa relative to saprophytic fungi may contribute to its recalcitrance to cultivation on synthetic media. The specific core enzyme and the substances provided by the host plant to facilitate growth are yet to be elucidated, posing a significant challenge in the artificial cultivation of R. griseocarnosa. The habitat of R. griseocarnosa harbours unique microbial communities, indicating the presence of potentially beneficial microorganisms that could be exploited for artificial propagation and conservation efforts. However, the lack of definitive functional verification experiments hinders the realization of this promising prospect. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the nutritional profile and health benefits of R. griseocarnosa, emphasizing recent developments in its isolation, molecular ecology, and artificial cultivation. Additionally, it explores prospective advancements in R. griseocarnosa research, aiming to enrich our foundational understanding for applied purposes and fostering progress in the realm of ectomycorrhizal edible mushrooms.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Breeding of Edible Mushroom)
Open AccessArticle
The Physiological Mechanism of Low-Temperature Tolerance Following the UV-B Radiation of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver
by
Ying Zhang, Xuchen Tian, Wenling Zhou, Zhonghua Tang, Jing Yang, Ye Zhang, Xiaoqing Tang, Dewen Li and Ying Liu
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060878 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver with rich active components, such as flavonoids, lignans, polysaccharides, is used as a medicinal plant. Unfortunately, its popularization and cultivation are limited due to its low-temperature sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of different doses of
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Eucommia ulmoides Oliver with rich active components, such as flavonoids, lignans, polysaccharides, is used as a medicinal plant. Unfortunately, its popularization and cultivation are limited due to its low-temperature sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of different doses of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (UV-1, UV-2, and UV-3) and low-temperature (LT) stress, both applied individually and in combination, on the photosynthetic properties, biochemical parameters, and the contents of salicylic acid in E. ulmoides plants. The results showed that UV-B radiation alone significantly reduced photosynthetic performance and soluble total sugar content, as well as causing increases in soluble protein, proline, and superoxide anion content and antioxidant activity including SOD, POD, CAT, total phenol, and total flavonoid content. The leaf thickness and photosynthetic parameters significantly increased, as well as a significant decrease in SOD activity and soluble sugar, proline, and superoxide anion content after 14 days of none-UV-B radiation exposure. UV-B combined with LT significantly improved photosynthetic properties, Chl content, and soluble sugar content but significantly decreased proline content. Principal component analysis showed that salicylic acid was the key factor in improving LT tolerance, and UV-2 radiation showed the best LT resistance. We aim to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the directional cultivation and LT stress tolerance research of E. ulmoides. Our findings demonstrate that the combined effect was more positively helpful in improving the ability to resist LT tolerance via the improvement of photosynthetic ability and the increase in soluble sugar and salicylic acid content in E. ulmoides.
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(This article belongs to the Section Crop Production)
Open AccessArticle
Foliar Application of Strontium for the Identification of Roots from Specific Wheat Plants
by
Senlin Fu, Di Liu, Yanjiao Tian, Xiaofeng Xu and Zhaoyong Shi
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060877 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
In the field of crop research, the study of roots involves many challenges, particularly the lack of effective methods for identifying crop roots. To deal with this problem, this study proposes a solution strategy: in applying strontium to crop leaves, the roots of
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In the field of crop research, the study of roots involves many challenges, particularly the lack of effective methods for identifying crop roots. To deal with this problem, this study proposes a solution strategy: in applying strontium to crop leaves, the roots of different crops are distinguished. In this study, we applied strontium ions to the leaves of hydroponically grown wheat, and these strontium ions were partially absorbed by the leaves and transported to the roots. Therefore, the strontium concentration of roots was significantly increased through the foliar application of strontium. After mixing the treated wheat with the untreated wheat root, the greater the biomass of the wheat root applied with strontium ions, the higher the strontium concentration in the mixed root. Based on this phenomenon, we can establish the relationship between wheat root biomass and strontium concentration in mixed roots through linear fitting. Furthermore, we can also use the relationship between root biomass and root length to establish the correlation between strontium concentration in mixed roots and the root length of wheat with strontium ions. After measuring the strontium concentration of the mixed roots to be distinguished, the root biomass and root length of wheat applied with strontium ions can be calculated according to the equation obtained through linear fitting. The accuracy of this method was verified through a comparison with the actual value and the existing root staining method. The results show that the coefficient of determination (R2) of the root biomass estimation equation obtained through linear fitting reached 0.83, which is statistically significant (p < 0.01). The Pearson correlation coefficient with the measured value was more than 0.9, showing a very high correlation and significance. The root length estimation equation derived from the relationship between the root biomass, strontium concentration and root length was compared with the real root length value and the root length value obtained using the staining method. The Pearson correlation coefficient also exceeded 0.8 and reached a statistically significant level (p < 0.01). This study confirms that strontium ions can be absorbed and transported to roots through wheat leaves and successfully developed a new method for predicting the length of wheat roots, providing an effective new tool for wheat root research.
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(This article belongs to the Section Crop Production)
Open AccessArticle
Effects of Different Essential Oil Blends and Fumaric Acid on In Vitro Fermentation, Greenhouse Gases, Nutrient Degradability, and Total and Molar Proportions of Volatile Fatty Acid Production in a Total Mixed Ration for Dairy Cattle
by
Kelechi A. Ike, Oludotun O. Adelusi, Joel O. Alabi, Lydia K. Olagunju, Michael Wuaku, Chika C. Anotaenwere, Deborah O. Okedoyin, DeAndrea Gray, Peter A. Dele, Kiran Subedi, Ahmed E. Kholif and Uchenna Y. Anele
Agriculture 2024, 14(6), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060876 - 31 May 2024
Abstract
The present study evaluated the inclusion of fumaric acid and essential oil blends (EOBs) containing anise, cedarwood, clove, cumin, eucalyptus, garlic, ginger, lavender, lemongrass, nutmeg, oregano, and peppermint at different proportions on in vitro dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), fiber fraction disappearance, the
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The present study evaluated the inclusion of fumaric acid and essential oil blends (EOBs) containing anise, cedarwood, clove, cumin, eucalyptus, garlic, ginger, lavender, lemongrass, nutmeg, oregano, and peppermint at different proportions on in vitro dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), fiber fraction disappearance, the efficiency of microbial production, and the total volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Ten treatments without (control treatment) or with different EOB/fumaric combinations were used in the study with eight replicates. The EOB inclusion level was 200 μL/g of feed (total mixed ration, (TMR)) while fumaric acid was administered at 3% of the TMR (DM basis). The highest DMD, in vitro true degradable DM, partitioning factor (PF24), and in vitro apparent degradable DM were recorded for the fumaric only treatment and the control. Neutral detergent fiber disappearance was reduced with the inclusion of EOB/fumaric combinations. The production of microbial mass and undegraded DM were higher (p < 0.001) for all EOBs and EOB and fumaric treatments. The inclusion of EOB and fumaric combinations reduced (p < 0.001) the total gas production, methane, and ammonia, with a higher PF24 value noted for EOB3 treatment. The inclusion of individual EOB1 containing garlic, lemongrass, cumin, lavender, and nutmeg in a ratio of 4:2:2:1:1 or combined with fumaric acid yielded the highest propionate concentration across all treatments. We concluded that EOBs decreased methane production and nutrient degradability with better results with the individual EOB1 or EOB1/fumaric combination, which showed a potential enhancement in energy production.
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(This article belongs to the Section Farm Animal Production)
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