Journal Description
Sustainability
Sustainability
is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal on environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability of human beings, published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Canadian Urban Transit Research & Innovation Consortium (CUTRIC), International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) and Urban Land Institute (ULI) are affiliated with Sustainability and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE and SSCI (Web of Science), GEOBASE, GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, RePEc, CAPlus / SciFinder, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Environmental Studies) / CiteScore - Q1 (Geography, Planning and Development)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 18.8 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Sustainability.
- Companion journals for Sustainability include: World, Sustainable Chemistry, Conservation, Future Transportation, Architecture, Standards, Merits and Wind.
Impact Factor:
3.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
4.0 (2022)
Latest Articles
Study on the Correlation between Ecological Service Value and Ecological Risk of Typical Mountain-Oasis-Desert Ecosystems: A Case Study of Aksu City in Northwest China
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3915; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103915 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Aksu City, located in the southern region of Xinjiang, China, holds the position of being the fifth largest city in Xinjiang. It holds significant ecological importance as a vital functional region for the management of desertification in China. To safeguard the ecological security
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Aksu City, located in the southern region of Xinjiang, China, holds the position of being the fifth largest city in Xinjiang. It holds significant ecological importance as a vital functional region for the management of desertification in China. To safeguard the ecological security of Xinjiang and preserve the ecological stability of Aksu City, it is crucial to examine the relationship between ecological service value and ecological risk, as well as the geographical and temporal changes in land use characteristics in Aksu City. This study examines the evolutionary characteristics and spatial correlation between ecological service value and ecological risk in Aksu City, using Aksu City as a case study. The analysis is based on five periods of land use data from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The study revealed the spatial and temporal patterns of landscape ecological risk and ecosystem service value in Aksu City from 2000 to 2020 using the landscape pattern index, ecological service value estimation, and ecological risk index. In addition, the study explored the interrelationship between ecological service value and ecological risk. The findings indicated that: (1) Bare land constituted the predominant land use category in Aksu City, accounting for over 81% of the total land use transfer over a 20-year period, encompassing a total area of 459.83 km2. (2) The total ecological service value (ESV) in the area experienced a decline of CNY 3.41 × 108 within the study’s time frame, exhibiting a decrease rate of 6.73%. Notably, grass and shrubland emerged as the primary contributor to the ESV, accounting for 33.25% of the total. (3) The ecological risk index (ERI) in Aksu City, within the period of 2000–2020, showed an increase in the interval from 0.2686 to 0.2877. The results indicated a decline in the overall ecological condition. The ecological risk level in Aksu City from 2000 to 2020 was dominated by lower and medium ecological risks. (4) Moran’s I values in Aksu City between 2000 and 2020 ranged from 0.428 to 0.443, which suggested a positive spatial correlation between ESV and ERI in the study area. The primary factor contributing to the heightened ecological risk in the study region was predominantly attributed to human activities such as urban expansion, agricultural production, and overgrazing.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
Open AccessArticle
Wind Tunnel Test of Sand Particle Size Distribution along Height in Blown Sand
by
Lifen Zhou, Zhengnong Li, Bin Huang and Ou Pu
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3914; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103914 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
In aeolian sand movement, the vertical distribution of sand particle size is intricately linked to sand flux, wind–sand flow field and dune development. In the present study, the distribution characteristics of sand grains in four particle size ranges at nine heights were investigated
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In aeolian sand movement, the vertical distribution of sand particle size is intricately linked to sand flux, wind–sand flow field and dune development. In the present study, the distribution characteristics of sand grains in four particle size ranges at nine heights were investigated through sand blowing tests at five different reference wind speeds. The correlation between sand particle size and wind speed indicates that when the particle size was ≥0.35 mm, there was a linear variation of mass percentage with wind speed. When the particle size was <0.35 mm, when Z ≤ 0.15 m, a linear variation of mass percentage with wind speed was found; when Z > 0.15 m, an exponential modification in mass percentage with wind velocity was observed for sand grains falling within this specific range of particle sizes. The correlation between sand particle size and height indicates that when the reference wind speed was ≥15 m/s, the mass percentage of sand particles varied linearly with height. When the reference wind speed was ≤13.5 m/s, the mass percentage of sand grains with particle size in the 0.25–0.35mm range increases first and then decreases with increasing height. The present results can provide a reference for subsequent research on the aerodynamic characteristics of wind–sand flow fields and on the mechanism of dune formation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
Open AccessArticle
Perceptions of Tree Risks and Benefits in a Historically African American Neighborhood
by
Alexis Martin, Jason Gordon, John Schelhas and Tawana Smith Mattox
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3913; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103913 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
An expansive body of research demonstrates the social and ecological benefits of urban forests, although urban tree canopy density tends to be lower than average in areas occupied by marginalized populations. Non-profit organizations and local governments have initiated tree-planting programs; however, some of
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An expansive body of research demonstrates the social and ecological benefits of urban forests, although urban tree canopy density tends to be lower than average in areas occupied by marginalized populations. Non-profit organizations and local governments have initiated tree-planting programs; however, some of these programs have encountered local resistance. This study took place in a historically African American neighborhood in the Southern USA with a low tree canopy where residents expressed disinterest in replanting trees following a tree hazard removal campaign led by a local non-profit organization. Employing focus groups and interviews, we explored residents’ environmental attitudes and risk perceptions by asking about the risks and benefits of neighborhood trees and barriers to the enjoyment of them. The material and emotional bonds residents have with the neighborhood informed their preferences about trees and green space. Trees were often viewed as hazards and financial risks, although they were an integral part of residents’ identities for themselves and their community. The findings suggest that neglecting to look at diverse perceptions will challenge a city’s ability to communicate about the urban forest and, therefore, sustainably address disparities in tree benefits and problems.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Forestry)
Open AccessArticle
Implications of the Progression to Sustainable Public Transportation: An Insight into Modern Jeepney Shift from the Philippines
by
Tricia Mae T. Zulueta, Ardvin Kester S. Ong, Josephine D. German, Ma. Janice J. Gumasing and Jenn Christzel D. Chico
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3912; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103912 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Modern jeepneys represent a notable step forward in the Philippines’ modernization efforts. However, there is a need for further study since this has caused a lot of criticism in the country, and no studies have established its service quality and the behavioral intentions
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Modern jeepneys represent a notable step forward in the Philippines’ modernization efforts. However, there is a need for further study since this has caused a lot of criticism in the country, and no studies have established its service quality and the behavioral intentions among passengers. This study assessed the factors influencing passengers’ intention to use modern jeepneys, employing a higher-order reflective construct using partial least square structural equation modeling. An online questionnaire gathered data from 502 commuters using modern jeepneys, employing convenience sampling for a diverse sample. Significant relationships (p-value < 0.05) were found between service quality (β: 0.559), attitude (β: 0.169), perceived behavioral control (β: 0.183), and behavioral intentions (β: 0.160), with assurance emerging as the most influential factor for higher-ordered constructs (β: 0.869). Meanwhile, satisfaction’s significant influence on behavioral intention was highest for lower-ordered constructs (β: 0.673). The study underscored the importance of building trust with passengers, prioritizing safety and security, and integrating modern jeepneys with traditional designs to enhance commuter experiences and promote modernized and sustainable transportation alternatives. It highlights the critical role of providing high-quality service in fostering positive intentions toward using modern jeepneys and its utilization. Despite the backlash of the majority on the redevelopment of traditional jeepneys, results presented that passengers are more inclined to use public transportation based on travel experiences rather than societal approval. The study offers theoretical and practical implications for future works and government organizations, transportation management, and modern jeepney manufacturers, emphasizing the importance of improving service quality.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Sustainability in Urban Transportation Planning)
Open AccessArticle
Toward Sustainable Global Product Development Performance: Exploring the Criticality of Organizational Factors and the Moderating Influence of Global Innovation Culture
by
Razika Malek, Qing Yang and Sahraoui Dhelim
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3911; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103911 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
In today’s dynamic and global landscape, innovation and globalization are intricately linked drivers that propel modern businesses forward, serving as indispensable pillars upon which organizations heavily rely to maintain their competitive edge. Leveraging innovation within the context of global product development (GPD) practices
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In today’s dynamic and global landscape, innovation and globalization are intricately linked drivers that propel modern businesses forward, serving as indispensable pillars upon which organizations heavily rely to maintain their competitive edge. Leveraging innovation within the context of global product development (GPD) practices is imperative for organizations seeking to survive and effectively compete in the rapidly evolving marketplace. While preceding studies have primarily focused on the importance of individual and organizational capabilities, policies, and cultural factors in driving product development (PD) performance, they often overlook their interconnectedness within a global context. To address this gap, this study delves into the relationship between organizational factors and global product development performance (GPDP) while examining the moderating influence of global innovation culture (GIC). These organizational factors encompass technological innovation capabilities (TICs), team creativity (TC), dynamic capabilities (DCA), and competitive advantage (CA). Our hypothesis suggests a positive impact of these factors on GPD performance. Employing a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach through SMART-PLS 3, we analyzed data collected from 480 questionnaire forms distributed among registered global product development (GPD) organizations operating in China. The empirical findings underscore the significant influence of organizational factors on GPD performance, highlighting the critical role of global innovation culture in shaping these relationships. These insights shed light on the importance of establishing a harmonious balance between organizational culture and various factors to enhance interaction among organizational elements and optimize global product development performance. Ultimately, these efforts can lead to improvements in the overall effectiveness and sustained global product development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation Management and Organizational Performance for Sustainable Future)
Open AccessReview
Innovation Helps with Sustainable Business, Law, and Digital Technologies: Economic Development and Dispute Resolution
by
Shumin Wang, Yincheng Li and Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3910; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103910 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
This paper discusses the dispute resolution procedure that innovative digital commerce has adopted for the future for sustainable business. As digital trade becomes increasingly important for economic growth, trade-related disputes must be settled in both business and consumer situations. This study examines the
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This paper discusses the dispute resolution procedure that innovative digital commerce has adopted for the future for sustainable business. As digital trade becomes increasingly important for economic growth, trade-related disputes must be settled in both business and consumer situations. This study examines the advantages of using digital technology to resolve disputes involving digital trade and discusses how digital technology is changing traditional dispute resolution procedures. Conventional trade disputes differ from their digital counterparts because the digital sphere gives rise to more complex trade conflicts that require stronger regulatory resources. The utilization of digital technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, innovation-based models, digital strategies, and others can enhance the efficacy of conflict resolution. Digital technology can assist in resolving disputes with digital trade, even though procedural fairness issues including prejudice and algorithmic opacity may also arise. The research highlights the importance of developing innovative techniques to set up trade dispute resolution procedures and building legal frameworks for jurisdiction, trial, and enforcement procedures in addition to stressing the usage of digital technology.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Innovation in SMEs)
Open AccessArticle
Is Development Type a Determinant of College and Graduate Students’ Commute Time to School? The Case of Seoul Metropolitan Area
by
Sai-Zu Wang and Chang-Gyu Choi
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3909; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
This study examines the impact of large-scale suburban new town development on the commuting time of college and graduate students in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Household travel diary data from 2016 were analyzed to categorize residential areas and quantify the impacts on commute
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This study examines the impact of large-scale suburban new town development on the commuting time of college and graduate students in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Household travel diary data from 2016 were analyzed to categorize residential areas and quantify the impacts on commute time to school. Multiple linear regression modeling is used to explore the relationships between development type, individual, and household characteristics and their impact on commute times. The results of the study show that students living in new urban areas have significantly longer commute times than those living in central Seoul, highlighting the differences that result from urban expansion policies targeting middle-class housing. These results suggest that the development of suburban new towns, which was intended to alleviate the housing shortage, has inadvertently lengthened the daily commute time of many students. Thus, a critical reassessment of suburban development strategies is needed to better balance the advantages of residential neighborhoods against the educational and living costs associated with increased travel time.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Adding External Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Internal Firm-Wide Smart Dynamic Warehousing Solutions
by
John R. Hamilton, Stephen J. Maxwell, Syeda Arfa Ali and Singwhat Tee
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3908; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103908 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
This study advances knowledge in the AI field. It provides deep insight into current industry generative AI inclusion systems. It shows both literature and practical leading industry operations can link, overlap, and complement each other when it comes to AI and understanding its
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This study advances knowledge in the AI field. It provides deep insight into current industry generative AI inclusion systems. It shows both literature and practical leading industry operations can link, overlap, and complement each other when it comes to AI and understanding its complexities. It shows how to structurally model and link AI inclusions towards delivering a suitable sustainability positioning. It shows approaches to integrate external AI contributions from one firm into another firm’s intelligences developments. It shows how to track, and maybe benchmark, the progress of such AI inclusions from either an external or an integrated internal software developer perspective. It shows how to understand and create a more sustainable, AI-integrated business positioning. This study considers firm artificial intelligence (AI) and the inclusion of additional external software developer engineering as another AI related pathway to future firm or industry advancement. Several substantive industrial warehousing throughput areas are discussed. Amazon’s ‘smart dynamic warehousing’ necessitates both digital and generative ongoing AI system prowess. Amazon and other substantive, digitally focused industry warehousing operations also likely benefit from astute ongoing external software developer firm inclusions. This study causally, and stagewise, models significant global software development firms involved in generative AI systems developments—specifically ones designed to beneficially enhance both warehouse operational productivity and its ongoing sustainability. A structural equation model (SEM) approach offers unique perspectives through which substantive firms already using AI can now model and track/benchmark the relevance of their prospective or existing external software developer firms, and so create rapid internal ‘net-AI’ competencies incorporations and AI capabilities developments through to sustainable operational and performance outcomes solutions.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Investigating Post-Disaster Reconstruction since the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake: A Study on the Ōtsuchi-chō, Iwate Prefecture through Timelines
by
Daqian Yang, Masaaki Minami, Kosuke Sato and Ashraf Uddin Fahim
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3907; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103907 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Since the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, 13 years have passed, and many areas have completed post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, it is necessary to further summarise and analyse the experiences gained from this post-disaster reconstruction. This study conducted door-to-door interviews with residents of Ōtsuchi-chō,
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Since the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, 13 years have passed, and many areas have completed post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, it is necessary to further summarise and analyse the experiences gained from this post-disaster reconstruction. This study conducted door-to-door interviews with residents of Ōtsuchi-chō, Iwate Prefecture, in the 13 years following the earthquake. It recorded the residents’ perspectives on post-disaster reconstruction and its shortcomings. By collecting locally published materials like newspapers, and local government records and integrating them with interview records, the first “Great East Japan Earthquake Timeline” for Ōtsuchi-chō was compiled. We primarily divided this timeline into the following three phases: the disaster and early reconstruction period (2011), the mid-reconstruction period (2012–2015), and the late reconstruction period (2016–Present). This timeline has yielded the following results: firstly, some issues have arisen during this prolonged reconstruction process. For example, continuous relocation hinders community rebuilding, especially in the context of an ageing society. Secondly, the “Ōtsuchi-chō Reconstruction Timeline” was created, which can be used for post-disaster reconstruction in contemporary Japanese villages facing severe ageing. This timeline provides a clear understanding of how disaster-affected areas can rebuild housing and infrastructure, and recover economically. It offers guidance for the reconstruction of Japanese villages after a disaster. Therefore, post-disaster reconstruction in the region should accelerate infrastructure development and continuously listen to residents’ voices, providing corresponding services to make reconstruction comprehensive and specific. At the same time, it also contributes to the post-disaster reconstruction of villages in other developed countries.
Full article
Open AccessReview
Research Hotspots and Trends of Nitrification Inhibitors: A Bibliometric Review from 2004–2023
by
Huai Shi, Guohong Liu and Qianqian Chen
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3906; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103906 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Nitrification inhibitors are essential in agricultural and environmental production practices. They play a crucial role in promoting agricultural and environmental sustainability by enhancing nitrogen use efficiency, boosting crop yields, and mitigating the adverse environmental effects of nitrogen losses. This bibliometric analysis covers the
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Nitrification inhibitors are essential in agricultural and environmental production practices. They play a crucial role in promoting agricultural and environmental sustainability by enhancing nitrogen use efficiency, boosting crop yields, and mitigating the adverse environmental effects of nitrogen losses. This bibliometric analysis covers the period from 2004 to 2023, offering a detailed examination of the development of nitrification inhibitor research. The study demonstrates a consistent growth in research publications, indicating sustained interest and dedication to advancing the field. It identifies key contributors, such as institutions and researchers, and underscores the significance of their work through citation analysis. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals four distinct clusters focusing on enhancing crop yields, understanding microbial community dynamics, exploring grazing pasture applications, and addressing environmental impact mitigation. The cutting-edge area of keyword burst detection research has transitioned from fundamental research to comprehensive nitrogen management practices. This analysis provides insights into the current research landscape of nitrification inhibitors and proposes future research directions, underscoring the critical role of this field in tackling global agricultural and environmental challenges.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
Flexible Energy Storage for Sustainable Load Leveling in Low-Voltage Electricity Distribution Grids with Prosumers
by
Ovidiu Ivanov, Mihai-Andrei Luca, Bogdan-Constantin Neagu, Gheorghe Grigoras and Mihai Gavrilas
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3905; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103905 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
The sustainability of the energy sector is linked today with the diminishing of the reliance on fossil fuels and on the large-scale adoption of renewable generation. Medium- and low-voltage electricity distribution grids see the proliferation of microgrids that supply consumers able to generate
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The sustainability of the energy sector is linked today with the diminishing of the reliance on fossil fuels and on the large-scale adoption of renewable generation. Medium- and low-voltage electricity distribution grids see the proliferation of microgrids that supply consumers able to generate electricity with local installations of PV panels. These consuming and generating entities, called prosumers, use the local generation for their own consumption needs and are exporting the surplus in the grid, modifying the typical steady state operation conditions. For mitigating this inconvenience, local storage equipment can be used, which also helps the prosumers to reduce their costs and preserve the sustainable operation of the distribution infrastructure. The literature shows that by optimally using storage in microgrids, the deterioration in quality and security of supply can be minimized in the presence of prosumers. This paper presents a study regarding local storage management in prosumer-enabled microgrids, seeking to find the optimal configuration of community (shared) storage systems that charge batteries overnight, during low consumption hours, providing load leveling opportunities and energy loss minimization. A study case performed on a real low-voltage electricity distribution network (LVEDN) shows the performance of the proposed optimization.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)
Open AccessArticle
Applying the Precautionary Principle to Hidden Collapse
by
Rhett D. Martin and David B. Lindenmayer
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3904; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103904 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
There is growing evidence around the world of serious decline in biodiversity requiring urgent application of precautionary risk management. A better regulatory regime for precautionary management of long-term risk is now an urgent priority. This article addresses the prioritization of long-term risk management
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There is growing evidence around the world of serious decline in biodiversity requiring urgent application of precautionary risk management. A better regulatory regime for precautionary management of long-term risk is now an urgent priority. This article addresses the prioritization of long-term risk management by examining risk management of ecosystems that may be experiencing hidden collapse. Hidden collapse refers to the existence of environmental indicators indicative of future collapse of forests, even though the forest appears intact and not at risk of ecosystem collapse. Professor David Lindenmayer and Dr Chloe Sato (Lindenmayer) first identified hidden collapse in 2018 in Mountain Ash forests of Victoria, Australia. The risk of hidden collapse represents a long-term environmental threat and is a potential trigger for application of the precautionary principle (principle). Implicit in hidden collapse are two preconditions for application of the principle; the risk of a serious or irreversible environmental threat, and the existence of scientific uncertainty about the nature of the risk. Despite hidden collapse satisfying these essential preconditions for applying the principle, decision makers did not apply it in respect hidden collapse of Mountain Ash forests in Victoria. This article considers the current status of the principle in regulation and how it can be adjusted to address long term environmental risk.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
Open AccessArticle
Experimental Study on the Evolutionary Law of Transient Saturation Zones in a Red Mud Dam under Rainfall Conditions
by
Shiqi Chang, Xiaoqiang Dong, Xiaofeng Liu, Haoru Zhang and Yinhao Huang
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3903; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103903 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Utilizing a laboratory model test, this study seeks to evaluate the distribution patterns of volumetric moisture content, soil pressure, and pore water pressure within the body of a red mud dam, given varying initial conditions of slope types and ratios, during continuous heavy
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Utilizing a laboratory model test, this study seeks to evaluate the distribution patterns of volumetric moisture content, soil pressure, and pore water pressure within the body of a red mud dam, given varying initial conditions of slope types and ratios, during continuous heavy rainfall. The objective is to investigate the failure mechanisms of a red mud dam under distinct operational conditions during rainfall, thereby offering insights for landslide prevention and ensuring dam construction quality. The results suggest that a stepped red mud dam acts as a buffer platform, altering the seepage direction within the dam and minimizing the water seepage path. When the slope ratio is 1:1, the transient saturated zone is located on the slope face of the dam’s body, near the top of the slope, with the saturation time at the first monitoring point occurring 300 s earlier than in a dam with a slope ratio of 1:2. Rainfall affects the distribution of internal forces in the red mud dam body. After rainfall, in the transient saturated zone of the stepped dam body, vertical soil pressure decreases 25% and horizontal soil pressure decreases 6.5%; in the transient saturated zone of the dam with a slope ratio of 1:1, vertical soil pressure decreases 14.8% and horizontal earth pressure decreases 29%; in the transient saturated zone of a dam with a slope ratio of 1:3, the change in soil pressure is small.
Full article
Open AccessPerspective
Active Learning, Living Laboratories, Student Empowerment, and Urban Sustainability
by
Christian Nansen
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3902; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103902 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
In schools and universities, we instructors carry the responsibility of informing and inspiring students. Traditional and more theoretical educational programs (here referred to as passive learning) may be tied to projects and activities (active learning), in which students gain hands-on practical experience with
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In schools and universities, we instructors carry the responsibility of informing and inspiring students. Traditional and more theoretical educational programs (here referred to as passive learning) may be tied to projects and activities (active learning), in which students gain hands-on practical experience with planning, development, implementation, maintenance, and presentation of different solution-focused activities. Complementary to passive learning, the needs for active learning activities and living laboratories have become more pertinent as global trends, such as climate change, weigh heavily on the shoulders of young people. Unless properly guided and given tangible sources of inspiration, the sense of being overwhelmed and incapable of effectively contributing to a more sustainable future may cast a dark shadow over students, their ability to engage in active learning, and their long-term career aspirations. Schools and universities are being evaluated for their “greenness”. Accordingly, operational improvements (carbon, water, waste, and nutrient footprints) to meet sustainability targets are being implemented. Structural sustainability improvements represent unique opportunities for students and instructors to engage in active learning. As a broader message to school and university administrators, it is argued that efforts to plan and implement sustainability initiatives should also involve transformations of educational curricula. It is argued that educational institutions could and should be more than sums of buildings and infra-structure and represent living laboratories. Descriptions of topics taught, learning outcomes, and links to examples of student assignments of a specific course, Urban Food and Society, are included and discussed in the broader contexts of urban food sustainability and active learning. The main purpose of this article is to promote the notion that active learning activities and the need for improved sustainability of schools and universities can go hand in hand and provide compelling educational opportunities.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Education and Approaches)
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Open AccessArticle
Streamflow Variation under Climate Conditions Based on a Soil and Water Assessment Tool Model: A Case Study of the Bailong River Basin
by
Shuangying Li, Yanyan Zhou, Dongxia Yue and Yan Zhao
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3901; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103901 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
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We coupled the global climate models (GCMs) from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and Future Land Use Simulation model (FLUS) to evaluate land use change in the Bailong River Basin (BRB) under three shared socioeconomic pathway and representative
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We coupled the global climate models (GCMs) from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and Future Land Use Simulation model (FLUS) to evaluate land use change in the Bailong River Basin (BRB) under three shared socioeconomic pathway and representative concentration pathway scenarios (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP5–8.5). Additionally, we used calibrated soil and water assessment tools (SWATs) to evaluate the streamflow in the BRB from 2008 to 2100 under the combined influence of climate and land use changes. The results indicate that (1) under the SSP126-EP scenario, forests have been well preserved, and there has been an increase in the combined area of forests and water bodies. The SSP245-ND scenario has a similar reduction pattern in agricultural land as SSP126-EP, with relatively good grassland preservation and a moderate expansion rate in built-up land. In contrast, the SSP585-EG scenario features a rapid expansion of built-up land, converting a significant amount of farmland and grassland into built-up land. (2) From 2021 to 2100, the annual average flow increases under all three scenarios, and the streamflow change is most significant under SSP5–8.5. (3) Compared to the baseline period, the monthly runoff increases, with the most significant increase occurring during the summer months (June to August). This study offers a thorough assessment of potential future changes in streamflow. Its findings are expected to be applied in the future to improve the management of water resources at a local level.
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Graphical abstract
Open AccessArticle
Zagros Grass Index—A New Vegetation Index to Enhance Fire Fuel Mapping: A Case Study in the Zagros Mountains
by
Iraj Rahimi, Lia Duarte and Ana Cláudia Teodoro
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3900; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103900 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
Annually, the oak forests of the Zagros Mountains chains in western Iran and northeastern Iraq face recurring challenges posed by forest fires, particularly in the Kurdo–Zagrosian forests in western Iran and northeastern Iraq. Assessing fire susceptibility relies significantly on vegetation conditions. Integrating in
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Annually, the oak forests of the Zagros Mountains chains in western Iran and northeastern Iraq face recurring challenges posed by forest fires, particularly in the Kurdo–Zagrosian forests in western Iran and northeastern Iraq. Assessing fire susceptibility relies significantly on vegetation conditions. Integrating in situ data, Remote Sensing (RS) data, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) integration presents a cost-effective and precise approach to capturing environmental conditions before, during, and after fire events, minimizing the need for extensive fieldwork. This study refines and applies the Zagros Grass Index (ZGI), a local vegetation index tailored to discern between grass-covered surfaces and tree canopies in Zagros forests, identifying the grass masses as the most flammable fuel type. Utilizing the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) product as input from 2013 to 2022, the ZGI aims to mitigate the influence of tree canopies by isolating NDVI values solely attributable to grass cover. By incorporating phenological characteristics of forest trees and grass species, the ZGI outperforms NDVI in mapping grass-covered areas crucial for the study region’s fire susceptibility assessment. Results demonstrate a substantial overlap between ZGI-based maps and recorded fire occurrences, validating the efficacy of the index in fire susceptibility estimation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of GIS and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Spatial Planning—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Comparative Life-Cycle Assessment of Steel and GFRP Rebars for Procurement Sustainability in the Construction Industry
by
Saad Al Omar and Abdelhakim Abdelhadi
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3899; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103899 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
This research examines the potential impact on the procurement sustainability of replacing steel rebars with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars in the construction industry, focusing on screed pre-cast hollow core topping in a project in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A comparative life
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This research examines the potential impact on the procurement sustainability of replacing steel rebars with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars in the construction industry, focusing on screed pre-cast hollow core topping in a project in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted using One Click LCA (Version 0.26.0) software for cradle-to-grave analysis. The assessment covers various stages, including raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, usage, and recycling. The comprehensive LCA highlights GFRP rebars as a more sustainable alternative to steel, emitting 17% less CO2 equivalent (2e) per kilogram throughout its life cycle. Additionally, GFRP requires substantially less mass compared to steel, resulting in a dramatic reduction in CO2e emissions ranging from 77.89% to 85.26% across different spacing configurations in real-world construction scenarios, as presented in this research case study. These findings suggest that GFRP rebars offer a promising solution for reducing the environmental impact of construction activities while potentially yielding significant cost savings over the project’s life cycle. Integrating environmental considerations into material selection processes can prioritize sustainability without compromising performance or safety, contributing to a more sustainable future for the construction industry globally.
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Open AccessArticle
Health Capital and a Sustainable Economic-Growth Nexus: A High-Frequency-Data Analysis during COVID-19
by
Nazlı Ceylan Sungur, Ece C. Akdoğan and Soner Gökten
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3898; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103898 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic effectively concretized the vitality of health expenditure and the economic-growth nexus, and the threat of new pandemics make re-examining this relationship a necessity. Consequently, this paper focuses on this nexus for developed OECD countries, paying particular attention to the
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The recent COVID-19 pandemic effectively concretized the vitality of health expenditure and the economic-growth nexus, and the threat of new pandemics make re-examining this relationship a necessity. Consequently, this paper focuses on this nexus for developed OECD countries, paying particular attention to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of stock indices as proxy variables for health expenditure and economic growth enabled the examination of this nexus by using high-frequency data and financial econometric techniques, specifically via rolling correlation and bivariate GARCH analyses. The data span 1170 observations between 15 May 2018 and 11 November 2022. Since the research period overlaps with the outbreak of Ukraine–Russia war, additional insights are obtained regarding the effects of the war as well. It was found that an increase in health expenditure leads to a delayed increase in economic growth even in the short term, and this relationship mainly develops during crises such as epidemics, wars, supply chain breakdowns, etc., for developed OECD countries. Given the aging population of developed countries, which will probably deteriorate the health status of those countries in the near future, the increasing political tensions around the globe and the considerations of a global recession highlight the importance and the inevitability of investments in health capital for developed countries as well.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public Health and Sustainable Development: Justice, Inclusivity, and Financing for a Resilient Future—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Precondition Study of a Sponge City: Comprehensive Assessment of the Vulnerability of an Urban Rainwater System
by
Lei Li, Cuimei Li, Hao Wang and Fei Xu
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3897; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103897 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
This study introduces the concept of urban rainwater system vulnerability and identifies the indicator factors that affect the vulnerability of rainwater systems. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), an index system for the vulnerability assessment of the rainwater system was established, and a
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This study introduces the concept of urban rainwater system vulnerability and identifies the indicator factors that affect the vulnerability of rainwater systems. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), an index system for the vulnerability assessment of the rainwater system was established, and a vulnerability assessment model for the rainwater system was constructed. By integrating vulnerability degree, recurrence period, and water depth of ponding, a vulnerability assessment framework for urban rainwater systems was developed. Taking a newly developed urban area in the Suzhou High-Tech Zone as an example, we calculated the vulnerability degree of the urban rainwater system in this area to be 0.6497, indicating a high level of vulnerability and poor system safety. When encountering rainfall with a recurrence period p > 5 years, the city is likely to experience severe waterlogging. Through the analysis and evaluation of the rainwater system’s vulnerability, while clarifying the current state of the rainwater system, it can provide a scientific reference basis for the system’s upgrade, transformation, and optimized operation and management. Although the selection of factors may not be entirely comprehensive, this method allows for adjustments based on the composition and operation of different rainwater systems.
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Open AccessArticle
Does Industrial Intelligence Promote Sustainable Employment?
by
Mi Guo
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 3896; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103896 - 07 May 2024
Abstract
One of the key driving factors for achieving the goal of sustainable economic development is to ensure decent employment opportunities. This article explores the relationship between industrial intelligence and sustainable development in China from the perspective of employment. Based on interprovincial panel data
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One of the key driving factors for achieving the goal of sustainable economic development is to ensure decent employment opportunities. This article explores the relationship between industrial intelligence and sustainable development in China from the perspective of employment. Based on interprovincial panel data from 2006 to 2019, using the fixed-effect regression model and mediating-effect regression model, this study empirically tests the impact of industrial intelligence on sustainable employment in China. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Industrial intelligence has a significant positive impact on the overall scale of employment. Industrial intelligence has promoted the optimization and upgrading of employment skill structure and industrial structure. Industrial intelligence will reduce the employment proportion of low-skilled labor and increase the employment proportion of medium-skilled labor and high-skilled labor. Industrial intelligence significantly reduces the employment share of the manufacturing sector and increases the employment share of the service sector. (2) Industrial intelligence reduces employment levels through capital deepening effects. Industrial intelligence has significantly improved regional labor productivity and significantly improved employment levels through productivity effects. (3) The results of regional heterogeneity show that industrial intelligence has promoted the improvement of employment level and the upgrading of employment structure in the eastern region but has not had a significant positive impact on other regions.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustaining Work and Careers for Human Well-Being in the New Normal)
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