Fraunhofer-Publica
The Fraunhofer-Publica has been successfully documenting the research results of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft for over 30 years. The platform enables the collaborative linking of research-relevant objects and disseminates within the international scientific community.
The Fraunhofer-Publica thus fulfils its responsibility to promote the transfer of knowledge and know-how to industry and society.
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Research outputs
As an application-oriented research organisation, Fraunhofer aims to conduct highly innovative and solution-oriented research - for the benefit of society and to strengthen the German and European economy.
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Projects
Fraunhofer is tackling the current challenges facing industry head on. By pooling their expertise and involving industrial partners at an early stage, the Fraunhofer Institutes involved in the projects aim to turn original scientific ideas into marketable products as quickly as possible.
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Researchers
Scientific achievement and practical relevance are not opposites - at Fraunhofer they are mutually dependent. Thanks to the close organisational links between Fraunhofer Institutes and universities, science at Fraunhofer is conducted at an internationally first-class level.
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Institutes
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is the leading organisation for applied research in Europe. Institutes and research facilities work under its umbrella at various locations throughout Germany.
Recent Additions
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PublicationCRISPR-Cas12a for Highly Efficient and Marker-Free Targeted Integration in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells( 2024)The CRISPR-Cas12a platform has attracted interest in the genome editing community because the prototypical Acidaminococcus Cas12a generates a staggered DNA double-strand break upon binding to an AT-rich protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM, 5′-TTTV). The broad application of the platform in primary human cells was enabled by the development of an engineered version of the natural Cas12a protein, called Cas12a Ultra. In this study, we confirmed that CRISPR-Cas12a Ultra ribonucleoprotein complexes enabled allelic gene disruption frequencies of over 90% at multiple target sites in human T cells, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In addition, we demonstrated, for the first time, the efficient knock-in potential of the platform in human iPSCs and achieved targeted integration of a GFP marker gene into the AAVS1 safe harbor site and a CSF2RA super-exon into CSF2RA in up to 90% of alleles without selection. Clonal analysis revealed bi-allelic integration in >50% of the screened iPSC clones without compromising their pluripotency and genomic integrity. Thus, in combination with the adeno-associated virus vector system, CRISPR-Cas12a Ultra provides a highly efficient genome editing platform for performing targeted knock-ins in human iPSCs.
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PublicationParticle aerosol generation and potential altering in airflow used for acute/repeated inhalation toxicity testing( 2024)Reproducible aerosol generation in combination with stable aerosol properties are essential prerequisites for compliant performance of acute or repeated inhalation toxicity tests of particulate materials according to OECD TG 403, 436, 412, or 413. A frequent problem of powder aerosol generation is the formation of coarse agglomerates with low shear resistance, which are beyond the tolerable size range but not detected by the prescribed aerodynamic measurement techniques by cascade impactor as the measurement conditions cause a disintegration into smaller fragments. But such agglomerates are observed during the transport to the inhalation chambers. These effects particularly apply to high mass concentrations and low-density powders, i.e., pyrogenic oxides. This study describes the transport influence in the airflow on the change of powder aerosols and on their respirability. A simplified short tube set-up was developed for the aerosol transport pre-tests, which allows the determination of the optimal aerosol formation conditions for the inhalation tests. The particles were measured with low shear using laser diffraction measurement or optical particle counters. The calculation of the aerodynamic particle sizes prescribed in the guidelines requires knowledge of the effective particle density of the porous aerosol particles. A practicable method for determining these is presented and described. In the outlook, first low concentration measurements show that clear agglomeration effects can also occur at particle concentrations around 20 mg/m³.
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PublicationBenchmark Biointelligenz( 2024)Zum Titelbild: Das Titelbild zeigt eine abstrakte Darstellung von Nervenzellen, auch als Neuronen bekannt, die auf sechseckigen Elektroden wachsen. Mittels elektrochemischer Signale werden Reize weitergeleitet, sodass die Neuronen sowohl untereinander als auch mit den Elektroden "kommunizieren". Diese Abbildung symbolisiert die Schnittstelle zwischen biologischen Prozessen und einem informationstechnischem System.
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PublicationInterleukin-2-induced skin inflammation( 2024)Recombinant human IL-2 has been used to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer; however, side effects like skin rashes limit the use of this therapeutic. To identify key molecules and cells inducing this side effect, we characterized IL-2-induced cutaneous immune reactions and investigated the relevance of CD25 (IL-2 receptor α) in the process. We injected IL-2 intradermally into WT mice and observed increases in immune cell subsets in the skin with preferential increases in frequencies of IL-4- and IL-13-producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-17-producing dermal γδ T cells. This overall led to a shift toward type 2/type 17 immune responses. In addition, using a novel topical genetic deletion approach, we reduced CD25 on skin, specifically on all cutaneous cells, and found that IL-2-dependent effects were reduced, hinting that CD25 — at least partly — induces this skin inflammation. Reduction of CD25 specifically on skin Tregs further augmented IL-2-induced immune cell infiltration, hinting that CD25 on skin Tregs is crucial to restrain IL-2-induced inflammation. Overall, our data support that innate lymphoid immune cells are key cells inducing side effects during IL-2 therapy and underline the significance of CD25 in this process.
Most viewed
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PublicationBestimmung von in Holzschutzmitteln eingesetzten Wirkstoffen in festen und flüssigen Matrizes( 2000)Infolge der Ausrüstung von Holz mit biozid wirksamen Mitteln zum Schutz vor holzzerstörenden oder -verfärbenden Pilzen und Insekten stellt sich spätestens nach Ablauf der Gebrauchsdauer, aber auch bereits während der Nutzung das Problem des potentiellen Freisetzung der Wirkstoffe in die Umwelt. Dies erfordert Kontrollmechanismen bezüglich des Gehaltes dieser Chemikalien im Holz, aber auch in den zum Schutz des Holzes eingesetzten Produkten. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für diese Kontrollmechanismen ist das Vorhandensein von Analysenmethoden zur Bestimmung der Gehalte der verwendeten Wirkstoffe in allen relevanten Matrizes. Der Text befaßt sich mit den Besonderheiten der Analytik von Holzschutzmittelwirkstoffen in Holz und insbesondere in den Holzschutzmittelformulierungen.
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PublicationOn the voltage scaling potential of SONOS non-volatile memory transistors( 2015)With technology scaling of embedded nonvolatile memories, voltage scaling below 12 V is a primary goal to maintain the area efficiency of the memory module. The SONOS technology shows promise as a technology for present and future low voltage memory cells. This paper examines the physics of scaled SONOS gate dielectrics in relation to reducing the operational voltage. In particular, we have examined the influence of tunnel oxide, nitride and top oxide thicknesses. The results are supported by electrical simulation of the SONOS gate dielectric. By properly scaling the dielectric films and utilizing electrical simulation we have determined a limit for scalability of the SONOS technology in terms of operation voltage.
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Mainwork20th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects, DAFx 2017. Proceedings(University of Edinburgh, 2017)